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英語十六種時(shí)態(tài)總結(jié)歸納
總結(jié)就是把一個(gè)時(shí)段的學(xué)習(xí)、工作或其完成情況進(jìn)行一次全面系統(tǒng)的總結(jié)，它能夠使頭腦更加清醒，目標(biāo)更加明確，讓我們抽出時(shí)間寫寫總結(jié)吧。那么總結(jié)應(yīng)該包括什么內(nèi)容呢？以下是小編為大家收集的英語十六種時(shí)態(tài)總結(jié)歸納，僅供參考，歡迎大家閱讀。
英語共有十六種時(shí)態(tài)，其表現(xiàn)形式如下(以study為例)
一般時(shí)進(jìn)行時(shí)完成時(shí)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
現(xiàn)在study be studyinghave studied have been studying
過去studied be studyinghad studied had been studying
將來will study will be studying will have studied will have been studying
過去將來would study would be studying would have studied would have been studying
時(shí)態(tài)（Tense）是表示行為、動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)在各種時(shí)間條件下的動(dòng)詞形式。因此，當(dāng)我們說時(shí)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)的時(shí)候，指的是相應(yīng)時(shí)態(tài)下的動(dòng)詞形式。
1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
英語時(shí)態(tài)分為16種：一般現(xiàn)在、一般過去、一般將來、過去將來時(shí)，以及這四者的進(jìn)行時(shí)、完成時(shí)和完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。
用法：A)表示現(xiàn)在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作、情況、狀態(tài)和特征。
B)習(xí)慣用語。
C)經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。
例：He always helps others.（他總是幫助別人。）
D)客觀事實(shí)和普遍真理。尤其要注意，如果前后文不是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，則無法保持主句、從句時(shí)態(tài)一致。
E)表示一個(gè)按規(guī)定、計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，（僅限于某些表示“來、去、動(dòng)、停、開始、結(jié)束、繼續(xù)”等的動(dòng)詞）可以與表示未來時(shí)間的狀語搭配使用。常見的用法是：飛機(jī)、火車、輪船、汽車等定期定點(diǎn)運(yùn)行的交通方式。
例：The next train leaves at 3 oclock this afternoon.
�。ㄏ乱惶嘶疖嚱裉煜挛�3點(diǎn)開車。）
How often does this shuttle bus run（這班車多久一趟？）
F)在時(shí)間和條件狀語從句里經(jīng)常用一般現(xiàn)在（有時(shí)也用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）表示將來事情。
例：When you have finished the report, I will have waited for about 3 hours.（等你完成這份報(bào)告的時(shí)候，我就已經(jīng)等了將近3個(gè)小時(shí)了。）
2.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)(be doing)
用法：現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(have done)
用法：A)表示動(dòng)作到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)完成或剛剛完成。
例：I bought a new house, but I _________ my old one yet, so at the moment I have two houses.
A) didnt sellB) soldC) havent soldD) would sell
答案是C) havent sold。
B)表示從過去某時(shí)刻開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或情況，并且有可能會(huì)繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去。此時(shí)經(jīng)常用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。時(shí)間狀語常用since加一個(gè)過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)，或for加一段時(shí)間，或by加一個(gè)現(xiàn)在時(shí)間。
例：Great as Newton was, many of his ideas ___________ today andare being modified by the work of scientists of our time.
A) are to challenge C) have been challenged
B) may be challenged D) are challenging
全句的意思是：“雖然牛頓是個(gè)偉大的人物，但他的許多見解直到今天還在受到挑戰(zhàn)，并且被現(xiàn)代科學(xué)家的工作所修正。”challenge是及物動(dòng)詞，在本句中應(yīng)當(dāng)是被動(dòng)語態(tài)；其動(dòng)作延續(xù)到今天，所以要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。可見答案是C) have been challenged。A) are to challenge和D) are challenging都是主動(dòng)語態(tài)，不可能是答案。B) may be challenged雖然是被動(dòng)語態(tài)，但意思與全句內(nèi)容不合，所以不對。
C)表示發(fā)生在過去，但對現(xiàn)在仍有影響的動(dòng)作或情況。通常用點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞，如：arrive, begin, find, give, lose等。
例：John has broken his left leg.（約翰摔斷了左腿。）
注意事項(xiàng)：A)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是聯(lián)系過去和現(xiàn)在的紐帶�，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和過去時(shí)的區(qū)別在于：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的動(dòng)態(tài)，或受動(dòng)態(tài)的影響，是動(dòng)態(tài)的結(jié)果，對現(xiàn)在有影響；過去時(shí)只表示過去的某個(gè)具體時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，與現(xiàn)在沒有聯(lián)系。
例：He worked in that hospital for 8 years.（他曾經(jīng)在那家醫(yī)院工作了8年。這只是講述一個(gè)過去的事實(shí)，他現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那家醫(yī)院了。）
He has worked in that hospital for 8 years.（他已經(jīng)在那家醫(yī)院里工作了8年。表示他從過去開始工作，一直工作到現(xiàn)在，現(xiàn)在仍在那家醫(yī)院工作。）
B)因?yàn)楹衒or加一段時(shí)間或since加一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)這樣的時(shí)間狀語的完成時(shí)，有動(dòng)態(tài)和延續(xù)性的特點(diǎn)，所以不能使用終端動(dòng)詞或瞬間動(dòng)詞。
例：My sister has been married for 5 years.（過去分詞做表語表示狀態(tài)，可以延續(xù)）
My sister has married. Dont disturb her.（終端動(dòng)詞）
C)在"this is the first/ second/ third…… time that……"句型里要求用完成時(shí)。
例：This is the second time that the products of our company have been shown in the International Exhibition.（這是我公司產(chǎn)品第二次參加國際展覽會(huì)。）
D)句型"It is/ has been……since"所使用的兩種時(shí)態(tài)都正確。
例：It is/ has been 10 years since I last saw him.（從我上次見到他以來已經(jīng)10年了。）
E)在"no sooner than"、"hardly/ scarcely ……when"、"before"、"prior to"等句型中，主句要求完成時(shí)。
例：I havent met that professor prior to today.（以前我從未見過那位教授。）4.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)(have been doing)
用法：表示某一動(dòng)作開始于過去某一時(shí)間，延續(xù)或重復(fù)地出現(xiàn)至今，或?qū)⒗^續(xù)延續(xù)至將來。
例：We have been working on this project for over a month now.（到目前為止，我們一直在處理那個(gè)項(xiàng)目，已經(jīng)花了一個(gè)多月時(shí)間了。）
注意事項(xiàng)：與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)相比，現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)更強(qiáng)調(diào)：在從過去到現(xiàn)在的時(shí)間里，動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)一直持續(xù)或一直反復(fù)出現(xiàn)。
例：It seems oil ___________ from this pipe for some time. Well have to take the machine apart to put it right.
A) had leaked B) is leaking
C) leakedD) has been leaking
從本題上下文看，這兩個(gè)句子的意思是：“看來，這個(gè)管道漏油已有一段時(shí)間了，我們將不得不拆卸機(jī)器排除故障�！钡诙浔硎緦⒁扇〉拇胧�。第一句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在第二句之前，并且延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在為止仍在繼續(xù)。因此，空格中需用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。D) has been leaking是現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，因此是本題的答案。有11%的考生誤選了B) is leaking。由于本句有時(shí)間狀語for some time，表示謂語動(dòng)作延續(xù)，謂語不能用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，必須用和完成時(shí)有關(guān)的時(shí)態(tài)。有些考生誤選了C) leaked或A) had leaked。是因?yàn)樗麄儧]有注意到本題第二句是一般將來時(shí)，所以第一句的謂語不能用過去時(shí)或過去完成時(shí)。
5.一般過去時(shí)
用法：A)表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況。
B)表示過去習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。特別是由would/ used to do表達(dá)的句型，本身表示的就是過去時(shí)。例：The old man would sit on a bench in the quiet park and look at others for hours without doing anything or talking to anybody.（老人過去常常坐在寧靜的公園里的一條長椅上，看著其他的人，一坐就是數(shù)個(gè)小時(shí)，什么也不干，也不和任何人交談。）
He used to visit his mother once a week.（他以前總是每周看望一次他的母親。）
C)有時(shí)可代替一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，表達(dá)一種婉轉(zhuǎn)、客氣、禮貌、商量的語氣。
例：I wanted to ask you if I could borrow your car（我想向您借車用一用，可以嗎？）
Would you mind my sitting here(您介意我坐在這里嗎)
注意事項(xiàng)：A)注意時(shí)間狀語的搭配。一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語應(yīng)該是表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間的詞或詞組，如：yesterday, last month, in 1999, two days ago等，絕對不可與recently, in the past 10 years, this month等連用，因?yàn)檫@樣的時(shí)間狀語都與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)系，應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
1.概念：表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的情況；有規(guī)律出現(xiàn)的情況；總是發(fā)生的；和事實(shí)真理。
2.時(shí)間狀語：Always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month），once a week(day, year, month），on Sundays（on Mondays）
3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：動(dòng)詞原形（如主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，動(dòng)詞上要改為第三人稱單數(shù)形式）
4.否定形式：主語+ am/is/are + no t +其他；此時(shí)態(tài)的謂語動(dòng)詞若為行為動(dòng)詞，則在其前加dont，如主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，則用doesnt，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。
5.一般疑問句：把be動(dòng)詞放于句首；用助動(dòng)詞do提問，如主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，則用does，同時(shí)，還原行為動(dòng)詞。
6.例句：It seldom snows here.這里很少下雪。
He is always ready to help others.他總是樂于幫助別人。
Action speaks louder than words.事實(shí)勝于雄辯。
二、一般過去時(shí)
1.概念：過去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)；過去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作、行為。
2.時(shí)間狀語：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, last(year, night, month），in 1989,just now, at the age of 5,one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.
3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+動(dòng)詞的過去式或be的過去式+名詞
4.否定形式：主語+ was/were + not +其他；在行為動(dòng)詞前加didnt，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。
5.一般疑問句：was或were放于句首；用助動(dòng)詞do的過去式did提問，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。
6.例句：She often came to help us in those days.那些天她經(jīng)常來幫助我們。
I didnt know you were so busy.我不知道你是這么忙。
三、一般將來時(shí)
1.概念：表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事。
2.時(shí)間狀語：Tomorrow, next day(week, month, year），soon, in a few minutes, by，the day after tomorrow, etc.
3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+ am/is/are + going to + do +其它；主語+ will/shall + do +其它
4.否定形式：主語+ am/is/are not going to do；主語+ will/shall not do +其它
5.一般疑問句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首。{首字母大寫}
6.例句：They are going to have a competition with us in studies.
It is going to rain.天要下雨了。
四、一般過去將來時(shí)
1.概念：立足于過去某一時(shí)刻，從過去看將來，常用于賓語從句中。
2.時(shí)間狀語：The next day (morning , year），the following month(week），etc.1
3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+ was/were + going to + do +其它；主語+ would/should + do +其它
4.否定形式：主語+ was/were + not + going to + do;主語+ would/should + not + do.
5.一般疑問句：was或were放于句首；would/should提到句首。
6.例句：He said he would go to Beijing the next day.他說他第二天要去北京。
I asked who was going there.我問，誰要去那里。
五、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
1.概念：表示現(xiàn)階段或說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作及行為。
2.時(shí)間狀語：Now, at this time, days, etc. look, listen
3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+ be + doing +其它
4.否定形式：主語+ be + not +doing +其它
5.一般疑問句：把be動(dòng)詞放于句首。
6.例句：How are you feeling today你今天感覺如何？
He is doing well in his lessons.在課上他表現(xiàn)得很好。
六、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)
1.概念：表示過去某段時(shí)間或某一時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的行為或動(dòng)作。
2.時(shí)間狀語：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引導(dǎo)的謂語動(dòng)詞是一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語等。
3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)主語+was/were +doing +其它
4.否定形式：主語+was/were + not +doing+其它
5.一般疑問句：把was或were放于句首。（第一個(gè)字母大寫）
6.例句：At that time she was working in a PLA unit.那段時(shí)間她在人民解放軍部隊(duì)工作。 When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.他進(jìn)來時(shí)，我正在讀報(bào)紙。
七、將來進(jìn)行時(shí)
1.概念：表示將來某一時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，或表示要在將來某一時(shí)間開始，并繼續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作。常用來表示詢問、請求等。
2.時(shí)間狀語：Soon, tomorrow, this evening，on Sunday, by this time，in two days, tomorrow evening
3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+ shall/will + be +現(xiàn)在分詞+其它
4.否定形式：主語+ shall/will + not + be +現(xiàn)在分詞+其它
5.例句：This time next day they will be sitting in the cinema.下一天的這個(gè)時(shí)間，他們正坐在電影院。
He won’t be coming to the party.他不去參加聚會(huì)了。
八、過去將來進(jìn)行時(shí)
1.概念：表示就過去某一時(shí)間而言，將來某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，主要用于賓語從句中，尤其多用于間接引語中。
2.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：should/would + be +現(xiàn)在分詞
3.例句：They said they would be coming.他們說了他們將要來。
He said he could not come because he would be having a meeting.他說他不能來因?yàn)橐_會(huì)。
九、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
1.概念：過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，或從過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。
2.時(shí)間狀語：yet, already ,just, never, ever, so far, by now, since +時(shí)間點(diǎn)，for +時(shí)間段，recently, lately, in the past few years, etc.
3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+ have/has + p.p（過去分詞）+其它
4.否定形式：主語+ have/has + not + p.p（過去分詞）+其它
5.一般疑問句：have或has放句首。
6.例句：Ive written an article.我已經(jīng)寫了一篇論文。
The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years.在過去的幾年，農(nóng)村發(fā)生了巨大的變化。
十、過去完成時(shí)
1.概念：以過去某個(gè)時(shí)間為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，在此以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為，或在過去某動(dòng)作之前完成的行為，即“過去的過去”。
2.時(shí)間狀語：Before, by the end of last year (term, month），etc.
3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+ had + p.p（過去分詞）+其它
4.否定形式：主語+ had + not +p.p（過去分詞）+其它
5.一般疑問句：had放于句首。
6.例句：As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.當(dāng)我們到車站的時(shí)候，火車已經(jīng)開走了。
By the end of last month, we had reviewed four books.到上個(gè)月底，我們已經(jīng)復(fù)習(xí)了四本書。基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+ had + p.p（過去分詞）+其它
①肯定句：主語+ had + p.p（過去分詞）+其它
�、诜穸ň洌褐髡Z+ had + not + p.p（過去分詞）+其它
③一般疑問句：Had +主語+ p.p（過去分詞）+其它
�、芴厥庖蓡柧洌禾厥庖蓡栐~+一般疑問句
十一、將來完成時(shí)
1.概念：在將來某一時(shí)刻之前開始的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)
2.時(shí)間狀語：by the time of; by the end of +時(shí)間短語（將來）；by the time +從句（將來）
3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+ be going to/will/shall + have + p.p（過去分詞）+其它
4.例句：By the time you get back, great changes will have taken place in this area.到你回來的時(shí)候，就將發(fā)生巨大的變化。
十二、過去將來完成時(shí)
1.概念：表示在過去某一時(shí)間對將來某一時(shí)刻以前所會(huì)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常用在虛擬語氣中，表示與過去的事實(shí)相反。
2.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：should/would have done sth.
3.例句：I thought youd have left by this time.我想這會(huì)兒你已經(jīng)走了。
He told them he would have finished it by 8 oclock.他告訴他們他會(huì)在8點(diǎn)以前干完。
十三、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
1.概念：表示從過去某一時(shí)間開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作。這一動(dòng)作可能剛剛開始，也可能仍在繼續(xù)，并可能延續(xù)到將來。
2.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+ have/has + been + doing +其它
3.時(shí)間狀語：since +時(shí)間點(diǎn)，for +時(shí)間段等。
4.例子：I have been sitting here for an hour.我已經(jīng)在這里坐了一個(gè)小時(shí)。
The children have been watching TV since six oclock.從6點(diǎn)起，孩子們一直看電視。
十四、過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
1.概念：表示某個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，持續(xù)到過去某個(gè)時(shí)刻，還未完成，一直持續(xù)到之后的當(dāng)前才結(jié)束。
2.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+ had + been + doing +其它
3.例子：She had been suffering from a bad cold when she took the exam.她在考試之前一直患重感冒。
Had they been expecting the news for some time他們期待這個(gè)消息有一段時(shí)間了吧？
4.特殊含義：
�、偕形赐瓿桑篐e had been writing the novel.他已經(jīng)在寫小說了。（他沒寫完）
�、谄髨D：He had been studying the meaning of this proverb.他曾經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)過這個(gè)諺語。（他曾努力學(xué)習(xí)過它）
�、畚吹媒Y(jié)果：We had been studying what our enemy had said.我們一直致力于敵人所說的。（但是我們沒有理解）
④最近情況：He had been quarrelling with his wife.他和他的妻子吵了一場架。（最近）
�、莘磸�(fù)動(dòng)作：He had been asking me the same question.他一直問我相同的問題。（屢次）
�、耷榫w：What had he been doing？他做了什么？（不耐煩）
十五、將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
1.概念：表示動(dòng)作從某一時(shí)間開始一直延續(xù)到將來某一時(shí)間。是否繼續(xù)下去，要視上下文而定。
2.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：shall/will have been doing
3.例子：I shall have been working here in this factory for twenty years by the end of the year.到今年年底，我將在這個(gè)工廠工作20年了。
If we dont hurry up the store will have been closing before we get there. 咱們?nèi)绮豢煲稽c(diǎn)兒，等我們到了那兒，店門就會(huì)關(guān)了。
十六、過去將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
1.概念：表示從過去某時(shí)看至未來某時(shí)以前會(huì)一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
2.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：should/would + have + been +現(xiàn)在分詞
3.例子：He told me that by the end of the year he would have been living there for thirty years.他告訴我，到年底時(shí)，他就在那住了30年了。
主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)
一、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法：
1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成：is / am / are +及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞
Our classroom is cleaned every day.我們教室每天都被打掃。
I am asked to study hard.我被告知要努力學(xué)習(xí)。
Knives are used for cutting things.刀是用來切東西的。
2.一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成：was / were +及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞
A new shop was built last year.去年修了一座新商店。
Dinosaur eggs were laid long long ago.恐龍蛋被放置了很久很久。
3.一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成：will+ be +及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞
A new hospital will be built in our city.我們城市將要修建一家新醫(yī)院。
Many more trees will be planted next year.明年會(huì)種更多的樹。
4.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成：am / is / are + being +及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞
Uncle Wang is mending my bike now.→
My bike is being repaired by Tom now.王叔叔正在修理我的自行車。
They are planting trees over there. →
Trees are being planted over there by them.他們在那里種植的樹木。
5.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成：has / have + been +及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞
This book has been translated into many languages.這本書被翻譯成多種文字。
Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries.在許多國家有許多人造衛(wèi)星被送上了太空。
6.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成：was/were + being +及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞
The boy was being operated on when his parents hurried to the hospital.當(dāng)他的父母趕到醫(yī)院的時(shí)候這個(gè)男孩正在做手術(shù)。
The new road was being made.這條新路正在修筑。
7.過去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成：had + been +及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞
The classroom hadn’t been cleaned before the teacher came.在老師來之前，教室尚未打掃。The tickets had been sold out before I came to the cinema.在門票被銷售一空前我趕到了電影院。
8.將來完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成：shall/will + have done
They will have been married for 20 years by then.屆時(shí)，他們結(jié)婚將滿20周年。
The project will have been completed before May.該項(xiàng)目將在五月前完成。
9.含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ be +及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞
Young trees must be watered often.小樹需要經(jīng)常澆水。
Your mistakes should be corrected right now.你應(yīng)該現(xiàn)在就改正你的錯(cuò)誤。
The door may be locked inside.這扇門可以反鎖。
Your homework can be handed in tomorrow.你的家庭作業(yè)可以明天交。
1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):
概念:常常、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為及現(xiàn)在的某種狀況。
時(shí)間狀語:Always(總是), usually(通常), often(常常), sometimes(有時(shí)分), every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays ,etc.
基本結(jié)構(gòu):
當(dāng)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)
肯定句主語+動(dòng)詞單三+其他
否定句主語+doesn"t+動(dòng)詞原形+其他
一般疑答句Does+主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其他
肯定回答Yes，主語+does
否定回答No，主語+doesn"t
當(dāng)主語不是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)
肯定句主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其他
否定句主語+don"t+動(dòng)詞原形+其他
一般疑答句Do+主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其他
例句:
I never get up early on Sundays.
特殊疑答句特殊疑答詞(when,where,who,how ,etc.)+一般疑答句
2、一般過去時(shí):
概念:過去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或形態(tài);過去習(xí)慣性、常常性的動(dòng)作、行為。
時(shí)間狀語:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.
基本結(jié)構(gòu):
主語+動(dòng)詞過去式+其他
否定形式did+not+do+其他;
一般疑答句did+主語+do+其他?
例句:
I went to Italy .I visited museums and sat in public gardens
3、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí):
概念:表示現(xiàn)階段或說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作及行為。
時(shí)間狀語:now, at this time(在這一刻), these days, etc.
基本結(jié)構(gòu):am/is/are+doing
否定形式:am/is/are+not+doing.
一般疑答句:把be動(dòng)詞放于句首。
4、過去進(jìn)行時(shí):
概念: (1)表示過去某段時(shí)間或某一時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的行為或動(dòng)作。
(2)表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行時(shí)，另一個(gè)動(dòng)作突然發(fā)生了。
時(shí)間狀語:at this time yesterday, at that time(在那一刻)或以when、while引導(dǎo)的謂語動(dòng)詞是一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語等。
基本結(jié)構(gòu):was/were+doing
否定形式:was/were + not + doing.
一般疑答句:把was或were放于句首。
While與when
(1)用while連接(while只接doing)
例:My mother was cooking while I was doing my homework.(可以持續(xù)動(dòng)作時(shí)態(tài)一致)
(2)when表示(when可以接doing或did，when后動(dòng)作時(shí)間長，用doing，時(shí)間短，用did)
例:I was doing my homework when my mother came in.(間接表達(dá)了具體時(shí)間)
例句:
I was having breakfast when the telephone rang
5、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):
概念:過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或后果，或從過去已經(jīng)啟始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或形態(tài)。
時(shí)間狀語:recently, lately, since(自從)…,for(長達(dá))…,in the past few years, etc.
基本結(jié)構(gòu):
主語+have/has+過去分詞(done)
�、倏隙ň�:主語+have/has+過去分詞+其他.
�、诜穸ň�:主語+have/has+not+過去分詞+其他.
�、垡话阋纱鹁�:Have/Has+主語+過去分詞+其他.
④特殊疑答句:特殊疑答詞或詞組+一般疑答句(have/has+主語+過去分詞+其他)?
例句:
I have just received a letter from my brother.
6、過去完成時(shí):
概念:以過去某個(gè)時(shí)間為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，在彼以后發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為，或在過去某動(dòng)作之后完成的行為，即“過去的過去”。
時(shí)間狀語: after，when, as soon as(一...就...), until, before,by the end of(到…為止) last year(term, month…),etc.
基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語+had+過去分詞(done)
①肯定句:主語+had+過去分詞+其他.
�、诜穸ň�:主語+had+not+過去分詞+其他.
�、垡话阋纱鹁�:Had+主語+過去分詞+其他?
肯定回答:Yes,主語+had.
否定回答:No,主語+had not .
例句:
The children ran away after they had broken the window.
As soon as the sun had set we returned to our hotel.
I had not understood the problem until he explained it .
1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
定義：表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作、存在的狀態(tài)或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。構(gòu)成：肯定形式：主語+be動(dòng)詞（am/is/are）+其他
否定形式：主語+be動(dòng)詞（am/is/are）+not+其他
一般疑問句：把be動(dòng)詞置于句首
2.一般過去時(shí)
定義：過去某個(gè)特定時(shí)間發(fā)生，也可以表示過去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。一般過去時(shí)不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作對現(xiàn)在的影響，只說明過去。構(gòu)成：肯定形式：主語+be動(dòng)詞（was/were）+其他
否定形式：主語+be動(dòng)詞（was/were）+not+其他
一般疑問句：把be動(dòng)詞置于句首，并還原行為動(dòng)詞
3.一般將來時(shí)
定義：表示將來某一時(shí)刻的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，或?qū)砟骋欢螘r(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。構(gòu)成：肯定形式：主語+shall/will+動(dòng)詞原形+其他
否定形式：主語+shall/will+not+動(dòng)詞原形+其他
一般疑問句：把助動(dòng)詞shall/will放在句首
4.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
定義：表示現(xiàn)在或當(dāng)前一般時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作�？梢员硎居杏�(jì)劃的未來。構(gòu)成：肯定形式：主語+be動(dòng)詞（am/is/are）+動(dòng)詞的-ing形式+其他
否定形式：主語+be動(dòng)詞（am/is/are）+not+動(dòng)詞的-ing形式+其他
一般疑問句：把be動(dòng)詞置于句首
5.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)
定義：示在過去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。構(gòu)成：肯定形式：主語+be動(dòng)詞（was/were）+動(dòng)詞的-ing形式+其他
否定形式：主語+be動(dòng)詞（was/were）+not+動(dòng)詞的-ing形式+其他
一般疑問句：把was/were置于句首
6.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
定義：表示現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，并對現(xiàn)在造成一定的影響和后果；另外，還表示從過去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并且有可能繼續(xù)下去。構(gòu)成：肯定形式：主語+have/has+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞+其他
否定形式：主語+have/has+not+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞+其他
一般疑問句：把have/has置于句首
7.過去完成時(shí)
定義：表示到過去某個(gè)時(shí)間已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，概括地說是表示“過去的過去”。構(gòu)成：肯定形式：主語+had+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞+其他
否定形式：主語+had+not+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞+其他
一般疑問句：把had置于句
十六種時(shí)態(tài)：
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，一般過去時(shí)，一般將來時(shí)，一般過去將來時(shí);
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，將來進(jìn)行時(shí)，過去將來進(jìn)行時(shí);
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，過去完成時(shí)，將來完成時(shí)，過去將來完成時(shí);
現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，過去將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí).
一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):take形式為原形
例子：It take sme five years to finish the painting。
這幅畫花了我十年功夫
1.概念：經(jīng)常、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為及現(xiàn)在的某種狀況。
2.時(shí)間狀語：always,usually,often,sometimes,everyweek(day,year,month…),once a week,on Sundays,
3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：動(dòng)詞原形(如主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，動(dòng)詞上要改為第三人稱單數(shù)形式)
二、一般過去時(shí)：take形式為took.
1.概念：過去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài);過去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作、行為。
2.時(shí)間狀語：ago,yesterday,the day before yesterday,lastweek,last(year,night,month…),in1989,just now,at the age of 5,one day,long long ago,once up on a time,etc.
3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：be動(dòng)詞;行為動(dòng)詞的過去式
三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí):take形式為am/is/are taking
1.概念：表示現(xiàn)階段或說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作及行為。
2.時(shí)間狀語：now,at this time,these days,etc.
3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：am/is/are+doing
四、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：take形式為was/were+taking
1.概念：表示過去某段時(shí)間或某一時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的行為或動(dòng)作。
2.時(shí)間狀語：at this time yesterday,at that time或以when引導(dǎo)的謂語動(dòng)詞是一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語等。
3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：was/were+doing
五、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：take形式為have/has+taken
1.概念：過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，或從過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。
2.時(shí)間狀語：recently,lately,since…for…,in the past few years,etc.
3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：have/has+done
六、過去完成時(shí)：take形式為had+taken
1.概念：以過去某個(gè)時(shí)間為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，在此以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為，或在過去某動(dòng)作之前完成的行為，即“過去的過去”。
2.時(shí)間狀語：before,by theendoflastyear(term,month…),etc.
3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：had+done.
七、一般將來時(shí)：take形式為：am/is/are/goingto+take;will/shall+take
1.概念：表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事。
2.時(shí)間狀語：tomorrow,nextday(week,month,year…),soon,inafewminutes,by…,thedayaftertomorrow,etc.
3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：am/is/are/goingto+do;will/shall+do.
八、過去將來時(shí)：take形式為：was/were/goingto+take;would/should+take
1.概念：立足于過去某一時(shí)刻，從過去看將來，常用于賓語從句中。
2.時(shí)間狀語：thenextday(morning,year…),thefollowingmonth(week…),etc.
3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：was/were/goingto+do;would/should+do.
九、將來完成時(shí)：take形式為：begoingto/will/shall+havetaken
1.概念：在將來某一時(shí)刻之前開始的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)
2.時(shí)間狀語：bythetimeof;bytheendof+時(shí)間短語(將來);bythetime+從句(將來)
3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：begoingto/will/shall+havedone
十、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí):take形式為：have/has+been+taking
1.概念：在過去某一時(shí)刻之前開始的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)一直持續(xù)到說話為止
2.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：have/has+been+doing
十一、過去將來完成時(shí)：take形式為：should/wouldhavetaken
基本構(gòu)成形式：should/would+havedone
十二、將來進(jìn)行時(shí)。：take形式為：shall/willbe+taking
基本夠成形式：shall/willbe+doing
十三、過去將來進(jìn)行時(shí)：take形式為：should/wouldbe+taking
基本夠成形式：should/wouldbe+doing
十四、過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：take形式為：hadbeen+taking
基本夠成形式：hadbeen+doing
十五、將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：take形式為：shall/willhavebeen+taking
基本夠成形式：shall/willhavebeen+doing
十六、過去將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：take形式為：should/wouldhavebeen+taking
基本夠成形式：should/wouldhavebeen+doing
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：常與always,often,sometimes, every day連用，表示習(xí)慣或經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。提醒你當(dāng)?shù)谌朔Q單數(shù)做主語時(shí)，別忘了動(dòng)詞的變化。注意：象"地球大，月亮小"等客觀真理、事實(shí)一定用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：要注意其構(gòu)成：由be+動(dòng)詞+ing,表示說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。如：Were studying now. 我們現(xiàn)在正在學(xué)習(xí)。
一般過去時(shí)：表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與yesterday,last year,in 1949,two years ago,等表示過去時(shí)間的狀語連用。注意：We often went to dance last summer.有的同學(xué)一見到often就想到用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，其實(shí)因?yàn)楹竺嬗斜硎具^去時(shí)間的 last summer,所以要用過去式，千萬別誤用了，切記，切記。
過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：顯然過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去某一時(shí)刻正在做什么，常和特定的時(shí)間狀語如at that time，at six yesterday，at that moment，when he came in等連用。如： When he knocked at the door,his mother was cooking.
一般將來時(shí)：表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與表示將來時(shí)間狀語如 next year,tomorrow等連用。注意：在Will you ....?問句中，回答必須是 Yes,I will.或 No,I wont而不能用Yes,I shall. No, I shant.來回答過去將來時(shí)：過去將來時(shí)不可以單獨(dú)使用，它一般在賓語從句中作間接引語，表示從過去某一時(shí)間看來將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。如：They told me that they would go to work in Guangdong.
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：顧名思義，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示的是已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作，但動(dòng)作造成的影響還在，常被just,already,yet 等副詞修飾。如：He has already gone to Tianjin. 對現(xiàn)在造成的影響是他已經(jīng)不在這兒了�，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還可用來表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，常帶有for或since等表示一段時(shí)間的狀語。如：Mr Wang
has lived here since 1983.表示說話前發(fā)生過一次或多次的動(dòng)作，我們常用"過"來表示，常帶有twice, once, ever, never等時(shí)間狀語。如：Ive never seen that film.
過去完成時(shí)：我們可以用"過去的過去"來概括過去完成時(shí)，表示過去某一時(shí)刻或某一動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成了的動(dòng)作，通常與by,before等構(gòu)成的短語或when, before, after引導(dǎo)的從句連用。也可表示過去某一時(shí)間開始，一直延續(xù)到過去另一時(shí)間的動(dòng)作，常和for或since構(gòu)成的時(shí)間狀語連用。用法和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)大致相同，只不過又向前推了一個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)。
初三英語時(shí)態(tài)練習(xí)題
一、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：
1．He______swimming in the river every day in summer. (go)
2.It________you are right. ( seem )
3.Look, the children______ basketball on the playground. ( play )
4.He______to the radio when I came in, ( listen )
5.It is very cold .I think it______ . ( rain )
6. I need some paper . I______ some for you . ( bring )
7.I cant find my pen . Who______it ? ( take )
8.He said that he______back in five minutes . ( come )
9.I didnt meet him. He______ when I got there. ( leave )
10.I______my bike, so I have to walk to school. ( lose )
11.He______down and began to read his newspaper. ( sit )
12.He is very hungry. He_________ anything for three days. ( not eat )
13.I______with you if I have time . ( go )
14.We will go to the cinema if it______fine . (be )
15.I will tell her the news when she______to see me next week. (come)
16. When______you______the car ? In 1998 . ( buy )
17.We______good friends since we met at school . （be）
18.What______you______ at five yesterday afternoon ? (do)
19.The bike is nice . How much______it______? (cost)
二、選擇最佳答案填空
�。� ）1.Well go swimming if the weather______fine tomorrow.
A. is B.was C. will be D.is going to be
（ ）2.It______five years since he has left for Beijing.
A. was B. has been C.is D.is going to be
�。� ）3.Please dont leave the office until your friend______back.
A.came B.comes C.have come D.will come
（ ）4.By the end of last year he______about 1500 English words.
A. learns B.learned C.was learning D.had learned
�。� ）5.Listen ! Someone______in the next room .
A.cried B.crying C.is crying D.has cried
�。� ）6.You must tell him the news as soon as you______him.
A.see B.sees C.will see D.is seeing
（ ）7.He told me that he______to see us the next day.
A.comes B. came C. will come D. would come
（ ）8.We cant find him anywhere . Perhaps he______home.
A. is going B. went C. has come D. would come
�。� ）9.The teacher told us that the sun______bigger than the earth.
A. is B. was C. has been D.will be
�。� ）10.Could you tell me where the railway station______?
A. was B. is C. will be D. would be
（ ）11.We______to the Great Wall several times.
A. go B. were going C. have gone D.have been
�。� ）12.It seemed that the old man______for something over there.
A. looks B. looked C. was looking D. has looked
�。� ）13.He was sure that he______his wallet in the office .
A. left B. would leave C. had left D. has left
（ ）14.You must study hard if you______ want to fail the exam.
A. wont B. dont C. havent D. hadnt
�。� ）15. Im afraid you cant sit here . Sorry , I______know.
A. dont B. wont C. cant D. didnt
�。� ）16. As she______the newspaper , Granny______asleep.
A. read , was falling B. was reading fell C. was reading , was falling D.read , fell
（ ）17. Jim is not coming tonight . But he______ !
A. promises（許諾） B. promised C. will promise D. had promised
�。� ）18. Whats her name? I______.
A. forget B. forgot C. had forgotten D. am forgetting
三、動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)能力綜合測試
（ ）1.He often______his clothes on Sundays.
A. washing B. washes C. has washed D. wash
�。� ）2.Im Chinese. Where______from?
A. do you come B. you are coming C. you come D. are you coming
（ ）3.May______to school.
A. never walks B. is never walking C. walk never D. never is walking
�。� ）4.We will start as soon as our teacher______ .
A. comes B. will come C. come D. is coming
（ ）5.How long ago______playing football?
A. have you stopped B. had you stopped C. did you stop D. do you stop
�。� ）6.It______ hard when I left my house .
A. is raining B. rains C. was raining D. will rain
�。� ）7.I think this question______to answer.
A. easy B. is easy C. was easy D. will easy
�。� ）8. Dont talk so loudly . Your father______.
A. sleeps B. is sleeping C. slept D. had slept
�。� ）9.How many people does the doctor know who______of the disease (疾病)？
A. are dying B. is dying C. has died D. dies
（ ）10.I______my homework now.
A. finish B. finished C. have finished D. had finished
�。� ）11.He______for three years.
A. has joined B. has been in the army C. joined D. has served the army
�。� ）12.His grandfather______for thirty years.
A. died B. was dead C. has been dead D. has died
（ ）13.I______ from my brother for a long time.
A. not have heard B. have not heard C. have heard not D. do not hear
�。� ）14.Maths, one of the most important subjects, ______always interested him.
A. has B. have C. are D. is
�。� ）15.Did your brother go to America last year? ______.
A. No , he did never go there B. No , he has never gone here
C. No , he never was there D. No , he has never been there
�。� ）16.He______ that factory since 1958.
A. has left B. has worked in C. has gone from D. has come to
（ ）17.Our teacher______to Beijing three times.
A. went B. had gone C. has gone D. has been
�。� ）18.Last week John______his leg.
A. felt and broken B. fell and broke C. feels and breaks D. fallen and broken
（ ）19.Jack______his thick coat because it was snowing.
A. puts on B. put on C. takes on D. took on
�。� ）20.He______the picture on the wall.
A. hanged B. hung C. has hanged D. was hanged
�。� ）21.Next month______twenty five.
A. has my sister B. my sister will be C. my sister shall have D. my sister is going to be
�。� ）22.You______her again in a few weeks.
A. will see B. have seen C. had seen D. have been seen
�。� ）23. By the end of last term we______English for two years.
A. have studied B. have been studied C. would studied D. had studied
（ ）24.Mrs Brown______in New York for three years before she went to London.
A. lived B. had lived C. has lived D. will live
�。� ）25.When we arrived , the dinner______.
A. already began B. has already begun C. had already begun D. was just begun
�。� ）26.I will go home for the holiday as soon as I______ my exams.
A. will finish B. finish C. finishing D. finished
�。� ）27.When______, Ill talk to him.
A. does Peter come B. Peter will come C. Peter comes D. can Peter come
�。� ）28.My sister______to see me . Shell be here soon.
A. comes B. is coming C. had come D. came
�。� ）29.They said they______our answer the next day .
A. had heard B. would hear of C. would hear D. will hear
�。� ）30.The old man said that light______faster than sound.
A. went B. will go C. travels D. will travel
動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練參考答案
一、1. goes 2. seems 3. are playing 4. was listening 5.will rain 6. will bring
7. took 8. would come 9. has left 10.lost 11. sat 12. hasnt eaten 13. will go 14. is 15. comes 16. did buy 17. have been 18. were doing 19. does cost
二、1. A 2. B 3. B 4. D 5. C 6. A 7. D 8. C 9. A 10. B 11. D 12. C 13. C 14. B 15. A 16.A 17.B 18.A
三、1. B 2. A 3. A 4. A 5. C 6. C 7. B 8. B9. A 10. C 11. B 12. C 13. B 14. D 15. D 16. B 17. D 18.B 19. B 20. B 21. B 22.A 23. D 24. B 25. C 26. B 27. C 28. B 29. C 30.
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