cţ̰
һλ(yu)̎ͨ(hu)Ҫ̰̰DZČW(xu)ȡóɹ߽̌W(xu)|(zh)Ļlΰѽ̰c(din)ͻСġcţ̰Hһ(li)ɡ
cţ̰1
̌W(xu)Ŀ(bio)
1W(xu)(hu)(f)w(hu)Сf(shu)(gu)˼ľ˽ַ\(yn)á
2˹P(gun)ф(dng)ҕС
3W(xu)(x)Сf(shu)茑ַ
̌W(xu)c(din)
w(hu)Сf(shu)(gu)˼ľ˽ַ\(yn)á
̌W(xu)yc(din)
˹P(gun)ф(dng)ҕС̌W(xu)̣
һ Ȥ(do)룺ͬW(xu)ϲg(dng)ϲgϲgB(yng)^(gu)Ą(dng)f(shu)ͯr(sh)B(yng)^(gu)(dng)(hu)ǟ(i)(dng)ˣҶeА(i)ĵ҂һȥpһ(g)˺̈́(dng)֮gĜܰǡţ
҂һ_ĵČW(xu)(x)Ŀ(bio)
_̌W(xu)Ŀ(bio)Ҋ(jin)棩
҂һJ(rn)R(sh)
J(rn)R(sh)
ᵽϤĪ^(gu)ڰͽώoҽBһλ20o(j)ҪңǼs˹qɭ1873-1950Сf(shu)Ԋ(sh)ˡ1944SԊ(sh)ؽV֪ĺʹđeĄ(chung)L(fng)Y(ji)(li)@ZؐČW(xu)(jing)xߵġϣĬmĹ¡@¼ijF(xin)һ߮(dng)r(sh)еğo(w)A~ĕr(sh)У鵤ĉݔһµ(yng)֮ ɫĶƪǡţСf(shu)Ԋ(sh)ɢıu(y)鵤ĉ^ҲǵZ(y)Եĸ´ϣͬW(xu)n½ߵƷp϶вһӵի@҂һP(gun)עA(ch)֪R(sh)e
(hu)x
tmin tn zng ɰTbi ln xn
Pchu ch Q Ozzh ^
˽Сf(shu)R(sh)չʾСf(shu)֪R(sh)(sh)
1Сf(shu)Ҫأ鹝(ji)h(hun)
2鹝(ji)_(ki)l(f)չ߳Y(ji)֡
3õ茑Z(y)茑(dng)茑B(ti)茑ò茑茑
4h(hun)֞Ȼh(hun)(hu)h(hun)
w֪
xn(f)Сf(shu)Ĺ鹝(ji)עvr(sh)gc(din)µ_(ki)l(f)չ߳Y(ji)
̎A(y)O(sh)һƪƪСf(shu)Ϸ˰һ^ţȥ?yn)@^ţ(sh)̫(wn)߲BҲ(du)dȤϋD˅sôҲ˂(li)Ϸ˲¶飺ǁ(li)uţģ?yn)^ţ̫ª(d)ρ(li)ͬ۾ɢ
ͨ^(gu)w֪Žo҂˺ӡ҂һJ(rn)R(sh)
ʼ
xnĵһ茑Z(y)\(yn)ʲô茑Y(ji)R(sh)һ(g)ӵİ
xnĵһΡ
̎ʾȻsվ̫(yng)ëmŶo(w)ˣeúÈ(chng)茑(dng)茑҂ǂ(g)ƽo͵ˡ
СMȦc(din)ע.
չʾ
Y(ji)ʼ҂J(rn)R(sh)һ(g)~ڃݡeβ茑
(do)ţ(li)Ј(chng)ţB(yng)úòԿţܰ
ڶУëɫrFļNѽY(ji)(sh)ţǺܺõ
@ôõţڽЈ(chng)(hu)(li)ӵP(gun)ע҂һ߽
ˡ߽
ֽɫxn315ͬW(xu)Ȧ4(g)Iţ˺ͰZ(y)B(ti)茑ľĦ
СM
СMչʾ
Ă(g)uţˣ1ˣĿO㏱^
Dzu B(ti)t ǿס˼
2ţǡƤë
(i)zijибҕh(yun)Ҳ
3هļmpˣهmp
uu^
4ܽ^ۻ(li)ˣr(ji)XTyԿ
dz(jin)Z(y)Ȳ(ni)
İһһξܽ^^(gu)㌦(du)ЩJ(rn)R(sh)
Ȑ(i)o(w)˽z(i)ţ
Y(ji)ͨ^(gu)@һֵZ(y)茑B(ti)茑(chng)茑ʹԸr
(do)@ͬW(xu)Ƿa(chn)һ(g)Ɇ(wn)uţţ(li)ϸ(li)ˣ@߲õһNַO(sh)Ñ
O(sh)Ñĺ̎ʲô
Ŀx߮a(chn)(qing)ҵĺģxx
ǵװţ(li)һ˻ش
һ
šظж
Rxһ(do)W(xu)(g)҂
(du)ţϲ(i)zϧ(i)o(h)ţеĻ飬ţ(dng)ɺԼͬ
ݿmġ֮ܳpf(shu)(du)ϵ(yn)Ό(du)ЩҪzĄ(dng)
ʮá
Сf(shu)Y(ji)β(du)Լuţ˽ጺȻֹϵ˂(hu)ʲô(yng)Ո(qng)om(x)һ(g)Y(ji)βʾԏļ˵ķ(yng)ׂ(g)Iţ (tng)˕(hu)ʲô(yng)@^`Եţ(hu)ʲô(yng)Ɍ
˼Ƭ̺չʾ
Y(ji)Z(y)f(shu)һһһһÿ(g)(dng)`Ȼ粻ɻȱһ҂ص
c̰2
ڶnr(sh)
W(xu)(x)Ŀ(bio)
1w(hu)Сf(shu)鹝(ji)O(sh)Ӌ(j)
2ձĵּ
3W(xu)(x)ĵČɡ
W(xu)(x)yc(din)
1w(hu)Сf(shu)鹝(ji)O(sh)Ӌ(j)(c(din))
2ձĵּ(yc(din))
̌W(xu)^(gu)̡
һn(do)
yֻ҂?ni)˕?hu)еμįţҲ(hu)܉ф(dng)ﮔ(dng)ˁ(li)Ҳǐ(i)ğo(w)҂(du)(dng)ﲻֻ|(zh)Եһͬr(sh)Ҳ(yng)ԓľԵһֻ@Ӳ_(d)˺̈́(dng)ĺC̎@һn҂^m(x)Խr(sh)M(jn)һǰĵС(zhn)ϣĬmһȥxһ(g)o˟o(w)Fl(f)Ĝܰ
A(y)(x)
֮ǰX(ju)ð_ҵɆ
_ȥԭ͛](mi)uţĴIţһٰl(f)_ͻ](mi)뵽ģԏ^β](mi)д_һ_(ki)ʼͺţĵվһ߅ɔ_e⣻挦(du)s[ļ(li)Ⱥ^(gu)һ(g)e^(du)еIܽ^đB(ti)ȶrףm֮sҲ֮
̽
(һ)鹝(ji)O(sh)Ӌ(j)
1ţcͬ@ӵĿ]
_Ⱥ֡Ȼһ'ͬģƴ(dng)J(rn)ԼΨһţo(w)֮@(g)k@һλr(nng)̵ǻһNeOB(ti)ȡ
2Сf(shu)Y(ji)β(du)Լuţ˽ጺʲô](mi)Ќ˂ķ(yng)
_@ӽY(ji)βĿgҲS˕(hu)Ȼ(du)ʾ⣬QٝǻҲSȻ⣬?yn)ÿ(g)B(yng)ţҲҪΛrԣҲS˕(hu)뵽ʐ(i)ͬʹ(hu)@һλ̣ҲS(hu)l(f)һЩ˵˼
()̽}
һĻ˲ĿţL(fng)Y(ji)l(f)o(w)(sh)˺ĵi˺(jin)Ρţ(li)ЃHHǞţͬۡɢͨ^(gu)(du)ţµĽxՈ(qng)Մ?w)?du)Сf(shu)}
ӑՓ_ţĸ(du)ţϲg(i)o(h)zϧ(dng)еĻ(dng)ɺԼƽȵ(li)(du)زһNʽҲһNˑB(ti)ǰl(f)ԃ(ni)ĵԸÿƺ(jin)εЄ(dng)ԏc(dng)˘O£ҲUƷ}c(dng)Ҳ(hu)擴ĸˑ(yng)(dng)ͬһ(i)o(h)ҕҲ֮չF(xin)F֮mв֮ܳpf(shu)(du)ԣϵ(yn)ԵĿ(yn)Ό(du)ЩҪzĄ(dng)
()
1ɾнY(ji)(gu)Ѓɗlܽ^ţţʼKĹª(d)tǰ?yn)@һc(din)Оŕ(hu)˵`⣬鹝(ji)ŕ(hu)
2茑\(yn)ò茑(x)(ji)茑(du)Ԓ茑(dng)茑ȶN茑ַһȻҪòB(ti)茑˰ǂ(g)̫ԣڃиȤζoԔ?sh)̫̫һȻ߀Ќ(du)܇h(hun)茑ڷrijoͰԔڶȻҪnj(du)ţ茑пɿ@^ѽY(ji)(sh)ڷI(xin)ĺţͨ^(gu)Iţ˺ͰČ(du)Ԓ茑ȣ˰đB(ti)Ǐtм(jin)ľܽ^(du)һ(g)IţɆ(wn)ֻһĻش(du)ڲy(c)еǸЩ(du)⡣(du)ڲMеŭ͟o(w)Ĵ_ʹ˶ǂ(g)ƽ
3ӌO(sh)Ñĩͻּº(jin)ˌζԭ߰ѹvóMֱĩβŽ_(ki)i˻Ȼ˼
O(sh)Ӌ(j)
ţ
̹Ȼ
ƽ혵Ą(dng)wF(xin)ڌ(du)һЄ(dng)P(gun)(i)
nչ
صҺȻ^(gu)ƽţ՝u˥Ҫȥ@r(sh)ֳF(xin)IţՈ(qng)Ո(qng)O(sh)һ¶ˌ(du)Ԓ龰m(x)һ(g)Y(ji)
еİ̫̫mȻ^ؚsȱА(i)_(d)c(dng)(yng)ԓC̎}m(x)Y(ji)Ҫl(f)]ֲÓxԭߵČ}
ʾţҪF(xin)uo߀ܵõһPX҂(li)@Pװf(shu)
uƽof(shu)
м(x)]]t(hu)ڵе˼hM(jn)Єf(shu)
uģ㲻(hu)߰fƽof(shu)
˿ţ˿xȥˡ
ţKȥɽ
c̰3
4 ţ
̌W(xu)Ŀ(bio)
1nă(ni)ݣB(yng)W(xu)(lin)
2(do)W(xu)\(yn)̽ČW(xu)(x)
3M(jn)˹õ`
̌W(xu)yc(din)B(yng)W(xu)(du)(dng)ﲻֻ|(zh)Եһͬr(sh)Ҳ(yng)ԓľԵһ
nr(sh)ţһnr(sh)
̌W(xu)^(gu)̣
һ(do)
ͬW(xu)ゃϲgС(dng)һֻС(dng)Ԓ㌢c̎҂Ss˹ɭһȥP°һ^ţ
ߺ(jin)
s˹qɭ18731950Сf(shu)Ԋ(sh)ˡɫĶƪǡ
w֪
A(y)(x)ĻA(ch)Ͽxnעx(zhn)(jin)Ҫ(ni)ݡ
1
tmin tnzng ɰTbi
Pchu chOzzhln xn
2(ni) 12r(sh)gc(din)µ(jng)^(gu)ͽY(ji)
̽
1R(sh)ôӵһ(g)(j)1(ji)(ni)Մ?w)o.ӡ
2R(sh)
aM(jn)һxnLĂ(g)Iţ˺ͰB(ti)(dng)Z(y)ԣ(li)Iţ˺Ͱ(dng)Մ?w)?du)@(g)ЩµJ(rn)R(sh)
bмϞʲô(hu)@ôI@^ţ@ӵһ^ţ䣩
չ
҂кܶ˶ϲgB(yng)СoССpʽӵ·ȥɢX(ju)@Щ˺Ͱ^(q)eʲô
Y(ji)
yֻ҂?ni)˕?hu)еμįţҲ(hu)܉ф(dng)ﮔ(dng)ˁ(li)Ҳǐ(i)ğo(w)ˡ҂(du)(dng)ﲻֻ|(zh)Եһͬr(sh)Ҳ(yng)ԓľԵһֻ@Ӳ_(d)˺̈́(dng)ĺC
I(y)Y(ji)ϱƪСf(shu)(du)ǰM(jn)кһƪģ300
ţ
s˹qɭ
R(sh)ؚ(jin)ڿe
R(sh)(i)zţƽ؝D
c̰4
̌W(xu)Ŀ(bio)
1˽ҼƷ
2ͨxȫСf(shu)鹝(ji)չµ_(ki)l(f)չ߳Y(ji)ú(jin)Z(y)Ը(ni)܉(f)
3ͨ^(gu)nƷx˽Сf(shu)ķbpСf(shu)f(shu)Ըc(din)
4ͨ^(gu)u(png)x̽ӑw(hu)Сf(shu)鹝(ji)(gu)˼f(shu)䌦(du)F(xin)ĵW(xu)(x)\(yn)Z(y)茑̮Č
5ͨ^(gu)xƷ˽˹P(gun)(i)(dng)ҕǶw(hu)Сf(shu)}
̌W(xu)c(din)
1W(xu)(x)O(sh)Čá
2W(xu)(x)茑ĶN˽ò茑cСf(shu)鹝(ji)}P(gun)ϵ
̌W(xu)yc(din)
1ⰲ(du)ţмڄڴ㡢Ȑ(i)Ըc(din)(dng)茑
2ǶȷСf(shu)}µ}˼
̌W(xu)
x(do)W(xu)W(xu)̽СM;̎(do)l(f)W(xu)xdȤ
̌W(xu)(zhn)䣺
1ÌW(xu)nǰA(y)(x)n̎~(bio)עȻ̖(ho)A(y)(x)ָ(do)zy(c)
A.oc(din)ע
(zh) (lio) ľ(j) (jing) (tn) (rng)
(zng) ݹ(ln)(xn)(x)(dng) P(chu)(ch)
c(ch) 覴(xi)(c) Ҳ(ch) (qi) ٸ(po)
ּc(l) O(z)(zh)^ t(min)(tin)
B.~Z(y)ጣ
1.t߶鲻Ȼ
2.ݹᾣʮ
3.o(w):߅](mi)ݑB(ti)Ȼ߰
4.(li)ͬˁ(li)dz[
5.O㏱^(du)ٵXӋ(j)^
6.P(yng)L(zhng)ȥģӵx_(ki)
7.ٸף(x)
C.xԡ20o(j)(gu)ČW(xu)Ʒxs˹ɭ__((gu))Сf(shu)Ԋ(sh)ˣL(zhng);
D.Сf(shu)Կ̮ģͨ^(gu)Ĺ鹝(ji);wĭh(hun)茑(li)ӳ(hu)һNČW(xu)wСf(shu)Ҫ鹝(ji)h(hun)茑
2ýwn
̌W(xu)r(sh)gһnr(sh)
̌W(xu)^(gu)̣
һ(do)n
ͬW(xu)wϣ҂~M(jn)ČW(xu)֮TͽI(lng)҂M(jn)ɢhСԊ(sh)҂Ԋ(sh)ć(gu)ȡ҂SZؐČW(xu)(jing)@ɭIJͬW(xu)(x)ƪСf(shu)ppߵ_(ki)Сf(shu)֮Tȥ֪Сf(shu)ِw(hu)ϲŭ(l)gx
(wn)x
̎(wn)xW(xu)ش
1.ɶw?(Сf(shu))
2.Čɶ?(ţڼɢġ)
3.Ğɶ?((i)o(h)ƴ(dng)c(dng)C̎)
4.զӌ?(ͨ^(gu)̮հ(dng)茑ⰲ(du)ţмڄȐ(i)Ըc(din))
5.Čզ?((dng)бF(xin)ַØOʵĹPīٳͱPгxpu(png)r(ji) )
x
(һ)c(din)
1.Ո(qng)W(xu)xnģl(shu)(f)(ni)עf(shu)r(sh)gc(din)µ_(ki)l(f)չ߳Y(ji)(ஔ(dng)ӛĵ(jng)^(gu)Y(ji))(˼ش)
һϋD˰һ^ţȥ?yn)@^ţ(sh)̫ã(wn)߲BҲ(du)dȤϋD˅sܲ˂(li)ϋD@¶飺ǁ(li)uţ`?yn)^ţ̫ª(d)ρ(li)ͬɢ
(r(sh)gһc(din)ϣP(gun)I_(ki)(ϋD˰һ^ţȥ)l(f)չ(?yn)@^ţ(sh)̫ã(wn)߲٣BҲ(du)dȤϋD˅sܲ)߳(ϋD@¶飺ǁ(li)uţ?yn)^ţ̫ª(d)ρ(li)ͬɢ)@ƪСf(shu)ĸ߳ǽY(ji)
2.ڏ(f)nĵĻA(ch)鹝(ji)Y(ji)(gu)һԒ(ni)ݡ鹝(ji)İl(f)չɷ֞ײvʲô(ni)?
ʾչµ_(ki)l(f)չ߳Y(ji)ց(li)
һ֣(1)Сf(shu)鹝(ji)_(ki)˲֣B°l(f)ĵc(din)ţڼϡ
ڶ֣(2-10)ǹ鹝(ji)ìܰl(f)չɴξܽ^ҪIţ͡ʾ@^ţDzu!
֣(1119)µĸ߳Y(ji)f(shu)
()yc(din)
1.W(xu)(x)茑ķeò(du)Ԓ茑
2.ƷζbpƷZ(y)
()̽c(din)
@ƪСf(shu)ɹԭ?
(g)Ի茑˵Ĺ鹝(ji)ɹ}?yun)WxӌO(sh)Ñĩͻּ(x)(ji)茑ָץסеļ(x)־wĵ鹝(ji)(dng)(x)µLwBڌ(du)(chng)茑Сº(jin)ˌζԭ߰ѹvóMֱY(ji)βŽ_(ki)i˻Ȼ˼
u(png)x
1.u(png)xxW(xu)ֽɫxn(11-19)עZ(y)W(xu)u(png)r(ji)ͨԒ_иxעIJͬZ(y)⡣
2.u(png)xՈ(qng)?jin)ڡx?jin)x(x)x(x)Ʒx(x)Մ?w)Լի@ʾl(f)F(xin)
3.u(png)x
Bs˹ɭ(1873-1950)Сf(shu)Ԋ(sh)ˡСW(xu)ԑٕϲ(i)ŵČW(xu)ͱWԒf(shu)l(xing)mɭ(du)r(sh)յď(qing)ҸʹP(gun)עvʷ\(yn)cȻY(ji)
xߵġϣĬmĹ¡һ34ƪ(18981910)@ɭյmul(xing)L(fng)鱳וr(sh) (tng)^(gu)ĸNºM(jn)ČW(xu)ӹɵĶƪ¼@ЩƪСf(shu)֎ϣĬmr(nng)ٝ?ni)ճϢĺ?jin)㵫ͬr(sh)Ҳˮ(dng)?sh)⺷Ұl(xing)L(fng)ɫǡ@¼ijF(xin)һ߮(dng)r(sh)еğo(w)A~ĕr(sh)鵤ĉݔһµ(yng)֮1944SԊ(sh)ؽV֪ĺʹđeĄ(chung)L(fng)Y(ji)(li)@ZؐČW(xu)(jing)
I(y)
Ո(qng)l(f)]m(x)ġ?jn)?sh)150200
cţ̰5
̌W(xu)Ŀ(bio)
1ͨxȫܺ(jin)θ(ni)
2ͨ^(gu)nx܉f(shu)@һc(din)
3ͨ^(gu)̽ӑСf(shu)鹝(ji)(gu)˼f(shu)䌦(du)F(xin)ĵá
̌W(xu)c(din)yc(din)
1ⰲ(du)ţмȐ(i)c(din)
2(dng)茑
һ(do)n
ߺ(jin)
s˹qɭ1873-1950Сf(shu)Ԋ(sh)ˡ1944SԊ(sh)ؽV֪ĺʹđeĄ(chung)L(fng)Y(ji)(li)@ZؐČW(xu)(jing)xߵġϣĬmĹ¡@¼ijF(xin)һ߮(dng)r(sh)еğo(w)A~ĕr(sh)鵤ĉݔһµ(yng)֮
ϣĬmĹ¡ɭյmul(xing)L(fng)鱳וr(sh) (tng)^(gu)ĸNºM(jn)ČW(xu)ӹɵĶƪ¼@ЩƪСf(shu)У֎ϣĬmr(nng)ٝ?ni)ճ՛](mi)Ϣĺ(jin)㵫ͬr(sh)Ҳˮ(dng)?sh)⺷Ұl(xing)L(fng)ϣĬmĹ¡һ34 ƪɫĶƪǡ
鹝(ji)
Ҫעf(shu)r(sh)gc(din)µ_(ki)l(f)չ߳Y(ji)
R(sh)
1Ո(qng)һλͬW(xu)xСf(shu)ĵ1С(ji)ҪZ(y)ҪҪƽoһЩ澏һЩ
2(j)nĵ1С(ji)Մ?w)oӡ
ʾ Ȼsվ̫(yng)ëm@B(ti)(dng)茑֪һ(g)oݵˡ
߽
1x319С(ji) ˼
1ȺЎדҪIţĎדܣ@ד˵ij(chng)ܵһʲô
_ēքeO㏱^ˡѪEgهˡ(li)^(gu)һֳr(ji)X@ēһܱһy(du)Ǹ(j)鹝(ji)l(f)չ`O(sh)
2ͨ^(gu)ĻشZ(y)ԣ(dng)ȼ(x)(ji)㌦(du)ЩµJ(rn)R(sh)
ʾ1ġ̫Ű(i)zس˳ԼţмбҕһǸȣȻD(zhun)^(gu)Ęȥh(yun)̎·l(f)F(xin)ʲôʹеdȤĖ|@Є(dng)(x)(ji)Կǂ(g)ʮ֑z(i)ţ
ʾ2ē˶ҪIţͬľܽ^ܽ^Z(y)ԺZ(y)Ѕ^(q)e(du)Ă(g)֣(jin)QԾܽ^uԿ(du)ţĸ@һN˸Є(dng)P(gun)
2ֽɫx319С(ji)߀ԭһЈ(chng)龳עͭh(hun)Ⱦ
ڶnr(sh)
һu(png)r(ji)
1҂R(sh)M(jn)F(xin)ځ(li)һԒu(png)r(ji)һ°
ʾţ(dng)ԼƽȵͬѡHһP(gun)ţľ
2СY(ji)ݿmġв֮ܳpf(shu)(du)ϵ(yn)ԵĿ(yn)Ό(du)ЩҪzĄ(dng)
չ
҂кܶ˶ϲgB(yng)СoССpʽӵ·ȥɢX(ju)@Щ˺Ͱ^(q)eʲô
Y(ji)
(ji)n҂֪Сf(shu)鹝(ji)_(ki)l(f)չ߳Y(ji)Ă(g)n鹝(ji)OБֱY(ji)β˻Ȼ
҂߀֪Сf(shu)F(xin)Ըķǿ̮(x)(ji)Z(y)ԡ(dng)ȼ(x)(ji)
҂߀(du)ڄ(dng)ﲻH(yng)|(zh)ϵP(gun)߀(yng)оđz
ġI(y)
Сf(shu)(du)Լuţጺϵӵķ(yng)Ո(qng)m(x)һ(g)Y(ji)β
O(sh)Ӌ(j)
ţ
s˹qɭ
R(sh)ؚ(jin)㡢ڿe
߽(i)zţƽ⡢؝D
c̰6
̌W(xu)Ŀ(bio)
1ͨxȫܺ(jin)θ(ni)
2ͨ^(gu)nx܉f(shu)@һc(din)
3ͨ^(gu)̽ӑСf(shu)鹝(ji)(gu)˼f(shu)䌦(du)F(xin)ĵ
c(din)yc(din)
1ⰲ(du)ţм㡢Ȑ(i)c(din)
2(dng)茑
nr(sh)ţ
nr(sh)
һnr(sh)
һ(do)n
A(y)(x)ָ(do)zy(c)
1oc(din)ע
( )( )ľ( )( )
( )ݹ( )( )( )(dng)
c( )覴( )Ҳ( )( )
ּc( )O( )( )^P( )( )
t( )( )ٸ( )
2~Z(y)
t߶鲻Ȼ
o(w):߅](mi)ݑB(ti)Ȼ߰
ݹᾣʮݡ
(li)ͬˁ(li)dz[
O㏱^(du)ٵ`XӋ(j)^
P(yng)L(zhng)ȥģӵx_(ki)
ٸף(x)
3xԡ20o(j)(gu)ČW(xu)Ʒxs˹ɭ__((gu))Сf(shu)Ԋ(sh)ˣL(zhng);
4B
xߵġϣĬmĹ¡ϣĬmĹ¡(18981910)@ɭյmul(xing)L(fng)鱳וr(sh) (tng)^(gu)ĸNºM(jn)ČW(xu)ӹɵĶƪ¼@ЩƪСf(shu)֎ϣĬmr(nng)ٝ?ni)ճ՛](mi)Ϣĺ(jin)㵫ͬr(sh)Ҳˮ(dng)?sh)⺷Ұl(xing)L(fng)ɫĶƪǡ@¼ijF(xin)һ߮(dng)r(sh)еğo(w)A~ĕr(sh)У鵤ĉݔһµ(yng)֮
5Сf(shu)Կ̮ͨ^(gu)Ĺ鹝(ji);wĭh(hun)茑(li)ӳ(hu)һNČW(xu)wáҪh(hun)鹝(ji)
c̰7
̌W(xu)Ŀ(bio)
1ͨxȫģܺ(jin)θ(ni)
2ͨ^(gu)nx܉f(shu)@һc(din)
3ͨ^(gu)̽ӑСf(shu)鹝(ji)(gu)˼f(shu)䌦(du)F(xin)ĵ
c(din)yc(din)
1ⰲ(du)ţмȐ(i)c(din)
2(dng)茑
̌W(xu)^(gu)̣
һ (do)
wϣͬW(xu)M(jn)ČW(xu)֮TͽI(lng)҂M(jn)ɢhСԊ(sh)҂Ԋ(sh)ć(gu)҂SZؐČW(xu)(jing)@ɭIJppߵ_(ki)Сf(shu)֮Tȥ֪Сf(shu)ϲŭ(l)gx
߽
s˹qɭ1873-1950Сf(shu)Ԋ(sh)ڵյmumСW(xu)ԑٕϲ(i)ŵČW(xu)ͱWԒf(shu)mɭ(du)r(sh)յď(qing)ҸʹP(gun)עvʷ\(yn)cȻY(ji)17qr(sh)ɭmϸ˸籾W(xu)Y(ji)R(sh)m˹һЩW(xu)ߺ1895ɭһܿϰl(f)l(f)Bd@U(xin)Сf(shu)Č@ĵһČW(xu)ƷoһϵЂ̽Сf(shu)ڶL(zhng)ƪСf(shu)ˡɭ(j)W(xu)r(sh)Ľ(jng)vɡĴɭɞһI(y)ҡ1897m(x)(chung)30ƪ茑l(xing)mL(fng)ĶƪСf(shu)(li)Y(ji)ˡmƪСf(shu)ԓСf(shu)Bm(x)ٰ_(d)ʮ֮࣬ɭAu(y)
ɭɶȵ(gu)УСf(shu)ˡ1904͡܇݆1905ƪСf(shu)o(j)(gu)鱳MScɫ^?yun)WyɭҪƷL(zhng)ƪϵСf(shu)L(zhng);1908-1922ӡʧȥ(gu)Z၆?˹ءķh(yun)͡炐@L(zhng)ƪСf(shu)h(yun)űӕr(sh)ıW炐l(f)F(xin)ʷԊ(sh)ĺ|̓(yu)صL(fng)ƷСf(shu){?Үˁ1898(gu)ě](mi)䡷1900-1901ZʿT1935Ԋ(sh)Ĺ1926յm֮L(fng)1931͔(sh)ɢļW(xu)Փġ1944S.Ԋ(sh)ؽV֪ĺʹđeĄ(chung)L(fng)Y(ji)(li)@ZؐČW(xu)(jing)
w֪
1A(y)(x)ĻA(ch)Ͽxnģעx(zhn)(jin)Ҫ(ni)
2l(shu)ܜ(zhn)_x~Z(y)
ɰT ߰ ľ (dng)
Ҳ 覴 С O㏱^ PQ
3(jin)Ҫ(ni)עf(shu)r(sh)gc(din)µ(jng)^(gu)ͽY(ji)
W(xu)(x)n
1R(sh)
(j)nĵ1С(ji)Մ?w)oӡ
ʾ Ȼsվ̫(yng)ëm@B(ti)(dng)茑֪һ(g)oݵ
2߽
(j)nЄ(yng)Z(y)Y(ji)@ЩZ(y)M(jn)һnչʾ±
СMÿMxһf(shu)f(shu)(du)@(g)ЩµJ(rn)R(sh)
СMֽɫx11-19С(ji)ٴθ
3u(png)r(ji)
ܷţĽǶف(li)u(png)r(ji)
չ
˼Ҍ
ЩS˼ͥܶඡ˼ͥڷŗһͬr(sh)sܞ˸ĸĜܰc(l)ȤB(yng)ˌьﮔ(dng)Լĺһ(du)ǘӽoͣӠI(yng)B(yng)ÿҪoϴQ·eϾr(sh)߀߀ԷQnjİְ
Ͷ˼ͥpl(shu)f(shu)f(shu)
СY(ji)
ڃ㡢(i)А(i)ţ(dng)Լƽȵͬ(dng)Լ(dng)ԼHoԾP(gun)ѣ˘Oo҂`҂xdzЄ(dng)@һҲ֮չF(xin)F֮
S҂(du)HеIJ@汻ůЄ(dng)@һƽ߽҂`Є(dng)ͬr(sh)҂Ҳ˼Լ@ČW(xu)?jin)A`ꡣ
I(y)
Ҍ(du)f(shu)}һԒ_(d)W(xu)(x)@ƪµĸ
O(sh)Ӌ(j)
R(sh)~ؚڃo
߽ Ȑ(i)(yn)o(w)˽
u(png)r(ji)ţ(dng)ԼƽȵͬHһ⡢P(gun)ţľ硣
挍(sh)SM
茑ò(dng)B(ti) Z(y)ԡ
(c)茑ţĽǶ
c̰8
̌W(xu)Ŀ(bio)
1ܺ(jin)θ(ni)
2ͨ^(gu)nx܉f(shu)@һc(din)
̌W(xu)c(din)
1ⰲ(du)ţмȐ(i)c(din)
2(dng)茑
̌W(xu)yc(din)
1ⰲ(du)ţмȐ(i)c(din)
2(dng)茑
̌W(xu)
1ňW(xu)СMW(xu)(x)̎(do)W(xu)
2w(do)(g)ec(din)W(xu)
̌W(xu)^(gu)cW(xu)(dng)(do)Z(y)
һM(jn)
Сf(shu)Ԋ(sh)1944@ZؐČW(xu)(jing)СϣĬmĹ¡L(zhng);ȡ@ɭյmul(xing)L(fng)鱳וr(sh) (tng)^(gu)ĸNºM(jn)ČW(xu)ӹɵĶƪ¼ɫĶƪСf(shu)ǡ鵤Z(y)Ľ̲V
~:
mintintӣbiɰTTzh߰ޣ
Cosxiж؛wijing
xic覴dСzzhO㏱^
chuchP
w֪
ʲôҵţ(li)ڽЈ(chng)xȫX(ju)ðӵһ(g)
R(sh)
xnĵ1Ȼ@ǏЩ̮ģ
xnĵ2ȻX(ju)@ӵһ^ţţ(du)F(xin)ӵă(ni)(lin)ϵ
߽
xn319ȻΣnеԒش(du)Iţ˵đB(ti)ȷքeӵ
w{
ؚڃ
oԔƽ
Ȑ(i)ͬ
ţ(dng)ԼƽȵͬѣHһءP(gun)ţľOȐ(i)֮
ߡnСY(ji)S҂(du)ֵHеIJ@汻ůЄ(dng)档@һƽ߽҂`Є(dng)ͬr(sh)҂Ҳ˼Լ@ČW(xu)?jin)A`
҂_(ki)ČW(xu)ʷM(jn)ɫʰߔ̵ČW(xu)L(zhng)ʹՄJ(rn)R(sh)`cǻһ(g)һ(g)(jng)ČW(xu)cL(fng)
ČW(xu)һĴTԸM(jn)@ȴT(hu)ֶw
ϣͬW(xu)HČW(xu)_(ki)@֮TʥČW(xu)ãI(lng)_L(fng)⡣
A(y)(x):;nA(y)(x)
nþ(x)һw֪
1ڏ(f)nĵĻA(ch)һԒ(ni)ݣҪ鹝(ji)_(ki)l(f)չ߳
2İ鹝(ji)İl(f)չɷ֞ɲՈ(qng)f(shu)f(shu)vʲô(ni)
һ֣12茑ϰ̫̫òţ
ڶ֣319μ(du)a(chn)`(hu)f(shu)
nСY(ji)S҂(du)ֵH룬еIJ@汻ůЄ(dng)@һƽ߽҂`Є(dng)ͬr(sh)҂Ҳ˼Լ@ČW(xu)?jin)A`
҂_(ki)ČW(xu)ʷM(jn)ɫʰߔ̵ČW(xu)L(zhng)ʹՄJ(rn)R(sh)`cǻһ(g)һ(g)(jng)ČW(xu)cL(fng)ɡ
nI(y)
W(xu)(x)ߌ(du)̫̫̮ķһƪ200茑Ķ
O(sh)Ӌ(j)
ؚڃ
oԔƽ
Ȑ(i)ͬ
ţ(dng)ԼƽȵͬHһP(gun)ţľ磬OȐ(i)֮
̌W(xu)˼
ţs˹ɭ
nr(sh)Ӌ(j)2nr(sh) ڢnr(sh)
䣨wno䣨(g)˂n
̌W(xu)Ŀ(bio)
1ܺ(jin)θ(ni)
2ͨ^(gu)nx܉f(shu)@һc(din)
̌W(xu)c(din)
1ⰲ(du)ţмȐ(i)c(din)
2(dng)茑
̌W(xu)yc(din)
1ⰲ(du)ţмȐ(i)c(din)
2(dng)茑
̌W(xu)
1ňW(xu)СMW(xu)(x)̎(do)W(xu)
2w(do)(g)ec(din)W(xu)
̌W(xu)^(gu)cW(xu)(dng)XXX(do)Z(y)
XXXB
1xߵġϣĬmĹ¡ϣĬmĹ¡18981910@ɭյmul(xing)L(fng)鱳וr(sh) (tng)^(gu)ĸNºM(jn)ČW(xu)ӹɵĶƪ¼@ЩƪСf(shu)֎ϣĬmr(nng)ٝ?ni)ճ՛](mi)Ϣĺ(jin)㵫ͬr(sh)Ҳˮ(dng)?sh)⺷Ұl(xing)L(fng)ɫĶƪǡ@¼ijF(xin)һ߮(dng)r(sh)еğo(w)A~ĕr(sh)鵤ĉݔһµ(yng)֮
2ָߞ˼xߵġocڴ顱ˇg(sh)̎ϲȡһNeOֶO(sh)ҡ͡ҡɂ(g)ǰСO(sh)ҡСҡ
3@ƪСf(shu)ɹԭ
ɹ茑˵Ĺ鹝(ji)ɹ}?yun)Wx
4(x)(ji)茑ָץסеļ(x)־wĵ鹝(ji)(dng)(x)µLwBڌ(du)(chng)茑֮(dng)бF(xin)ַØOʵĹPīͼٳͱPгxpu(png)r(ji)
XXXnû(dng)֮̽1
һw֪
1ڏ(f)nĵĻA(ch)һԒ(ni)ݣҪ鹝(ji)_(ki)l(f)չ߳
2İ鹝(ji)İl(f)չɷ֞ɲ֣Ո(qng)f(shu)f(shu)vʲô(ni)
һ֣12茑ϰ̫̫òţ
ڶ֣319μ(du)a(chn)`(hu)f(shu)
xnĵһ˽
1һС(ji)Ҫӵ茑Ո(qng)ҳP(gun)Z(y)f(shu)@ЩZ(y)пɿǂ(g)ӵ
òB(ti)茑ǂ(g)̫ԣڃиȤζoԔ?sh)̫̫?/p>
2һС(ji)Ќ(du)܇h(hun)茑@(g)茑ʲô
rijoͰԔ
3ڶС(ji)Ҫnj(du)ţ茑пɿ@һ^ӵţЩZ(y)ֿԿǂ(g)ӵ
^ѽY(ji)(sh)ڷI(xin)ĺţġˡ䡱߀ƯԿܐ(i)ţţĺܺţH
XXXnû(dng)֮̽2
һxڶ֣˽
1xСf(shu)ĵһ֣㌦(du)l(f)Л](mi)ԼIJЩ](mi)뵽ģ@O(sh)Ӌ(j)ʲô̎
½Y(ji)β.O(sh)Ñ˼{(dio)(dng)xߵxdȤ
2(du)ЌĎ״IţˣքeӵđB(ti)ʲôƺЩȲԿǂ(g)ӵ
đB(ti)Ǿܽ^tм(jin)ľܽ^
?yn)֪Լoe`֪ԓνጲuԭ
Կǂ(g)(i)zţͬr(sh)ҲԼoe`
3ڰܽ^˱I֮Kˌ(du)ˌ(wn)һ(g)IţĎׂ(g)(wn)}ˌζՈ(qng)㴧ĦһеZ(y)⡣
Ɇ(wn)Dzy(c)MŭZ(y)Խ(li)Խ(qing)
4(du)һ(g)IţĎׂ(g)(wn)}ӵķ(yng)ɿǂ(g)ӵ
(du)Ɇ(wn)ֻһĻش𡣌(du)ڲy(c)еǸ⣬Щ(du)(du)ڲMеŭ͟o(w)ǂ(g)ƽ
5|(zh)؟(z)yİʲô߀(jin)ֲuţՈ(qng)Y(ji)һ(g)СY(ji)f(shu)f(shu)ǂ(g)ӵ
(du)ţϲ(i)zϧ(i)o(h)ţеĻ飬ţ(dng)ɺԼͬ(g)҂
6СY(ji)鹝(ji)c(din)
ּ͌
1İţ҂xc(din)ʲô
҂xһN(du)đB(ti)һNc̹ȻB(ti)Ⱥª(d)ʹ܉xª(d)ª(d)ª(d)@ӵǂyֻ҂?ni)˕?hu)еμįţҲ(hu)܉ф(dng)ﮔ(dng)ˁ(li)Ҳǐ(i)ğo(w)ˡ҂(du)(dng)ﲻֻ|(zh)Եһͬr(sh)Ҳ(yng)ԓľԵһֻ@Ӳ_(d)˺̈́(dng)ĺC˺̈́(dng)ﶼCc֮gأ
2ڌкc(din)أ
MìO(sh)Ñ@־\(yn)òB(ti)(dng)Z(y)Ժͼ(x)(ji)茑
XXXn얹
XXXnСY(ji)
XXXI(y)A(y)(x)(f)(x)
nþ(x)a(b)~Z(y):W(xu)w{ӆ
t߶鲻Ȼ
o(w):߅](mi)ˣݑB(ti)Ȼ߰
ݹᾣʮ
(li)ͬˁ(li)dz[
O㏱^(du)ٵXӋ(j)^
P(yng)L(zhng)ȥģӵx_(ki)
ٸף(x)
nСY(ji)İţ҂xc(din)ʲô
҂xһN(du)đB(ti)һNc̹ȻB(ti)Ⱥª(d)ʹ܉xª(d)ª(d)ª(d)@ӵǂyֻ҂?ni)˕?hu)еμįţҲ(hu)ġ܉ф(dng)ﮔ(dng)ˁ(li)Ҳǐ(i)ğo(w)҂(du)(dng)ﲻֻ|(zh)Եһ棬ͬr(sh)Ҳ(yng)ԓľԵһֻ@Ӳ_(d)˺̈́(dng)ĺC˺̈́(dng)ﶼCc֮gأ
nI(y)
nP16(y)(x)234С}
O(sh)Ӌ(j)İ鹝(ji)İl(f)չɷ֞ɲ;
һ֣12茑ϰ̫̫òţ
ڶ֣319μ(du)a(chn)`(hu)f(shu)
cţ̰9
̌W(xu)Ŀ(bio)
1ú(jin)Z(y)Ը(ni)ܳw(hu)Сf(shu)鹝(ji)O(sh)Ӌ(j)
2Сf(shu)˽Сf(shu)ķ
3ⰲ(du)ţмB(ti)
̌W(xu)c(din)
1ⰲ(du)ţмڄڴȐ(i)Ըc(din)
2(dng)茑
̌W(xu)yc(din)
ⰲ(du)ţмB(ti)
̌W(xu)r(sh)(sh)1nr(sh)
̌W(xu)^(gu)̣
һ(do)
@һλСf(shu)ң(chung)낀(g)o(j)L(zhng)ƪϵСf(shu)L(zhng);(1908-1922)Ǐh(yun)űӕr(sh)ıW炐l(f)F(xin)ꑡʷԊ(sh)ĺǺ̓(yu)صL(fng)1944@ZؐČW(xu)(jing)ǵСf(shu)Ҽs˹ɭһƪƪСf(shu)(jng)ڏVb߀x˵Z(y)Ľ̲oo(w)(sh)`ԸЄ(dng)͆҂ҪW(xu)(x)ġ
z~A(y)(x)r
(һ)x(zhn)~
ɰT t ľ s c (dng) 覴ôּc P
()Y(ji)ע~x
ݹ (li) s (dng)覴 ּc P
xnw֪
̎ɷxһȻՈ(qng)W(xu)x
_xҪx_Z(y)m(dng)
(chung)O(sh)龳鹝(ji)J(rn)R(sh)
ͬW(xu)ӛõһn_(ki)һT@ƪna(b)xϡČW(xu)@ôɾԒѕr(sh)gڱĕ(y)֮xߟo(w)Пo(w)ΚqµL(zhng)ӣM^pɰ׃o(w)FL(fng)ô@һn҂Խr(sh)M(jn)ǰĵС(zhn)ϣĬmһȥ̽Lһ(g)˟o(w)ȻĜܰ
ĹºܿɼЂС(zhn)ҡ(dng)r(sh)ǵЈ(bo)ӛ᠖ڴ˵زL(fng) (tng)@(g)º댑һƪ錣LȥL傀(g)(jng)v˼ţL(fng)Į(dng)ˣţȠһλIţһλIţ˝h˹С(zhn)ϣѲT˹քe?c)?wn)傀(g)(wn)}F(xin)ゃĻՈ(qng)ͲLĆ(wn)}M(jn)лش
1 (wn)ţȠţ¼^ߣĿȫ^(gu)Ո(qng)ؽBһȫ(jng)^(gu)
(˼·P(gun)עr(sh)gc(din)(jng)^(gu)Y(ji)@ׂ(g)ǶȸB)
2 (wn)һλIţһ(g)IţмՈ(qng)Մ?w)^ţc(din)
(˼·P(gun)עţëɫwƷNo(j)鷿)
3 (wn)Iţ˝h˹eϣI^ɫţڳߵăr(ji)һٵľܽ^ͰһP(gun)ţČ(du)ԒՈ(qng)Մ?w)?dng)r(sh)gԒ뷨
(˼·P(gun)עIţ˵Ć(wn)Ԓ龳)
ôѽ(jng)u˲?
y(c)ţSѽ(jng)uԲDŽe
dž?ôɆվ@?y@^ţL(fng)^?
|(zh)(wn)ȻuʲôҪ(li)@?
Լţ?
ɣ㲻ţ()Բu
yվ@͞ô_(ki)Ć?
?d)Ȼģsֲuˣ҂?˼h!
4 (wn)С(zhn)ϣ֮ǰX(ju)ð_ҵɆ?
(˼·P(gun)עСf(shu)鹝(ji)O(sh)Ӌ(j))
ȥԭ͛](mi)uţĴIţһٰl(f)_ͻ](mi)뵽ģԏ^β](mi)д_һ_(ki)ʼͺţĵվһ߅ɔ_e;挦(du)s[ļС(li)Ⱥ^(gu)һ(g)e^;(du)еIܽ^đB(ti)ȶr;m֮⣬sҲ֮
5 (wn)ѲT˹l(f)ļϡһ(g)ӵ?
(˼·茑òB(ti)Z(y)ԡ(dng)Z(y)ע⼚(x)(ji)M(jn)зעF(xin)˰ӵă(ni)ӵԸc(din))
ò
ʽϵsܸɃf·ɢl(f)ζȾ{(ln)ȹغɫĽqʵ÷ס߰^^ĥƽ˵ľݹp֣Ұİװl(f)
_ϵľBĥƽƤυsĨͲ
o(j)~(jng)ɣԣʮփ㡣(x)(ji)һλڄڶ(yn)ˡ
(dng)B(ti)
^ª(d)ţĵվһ߅
(lin)ϵͿĵվһ߅dzڡ̫tӡǡҪ˵ע⡱ֻDz_eTˡ@һe(dng)Ҳ@ʾ
ݹpëwȻ衣
ɻr(sh)(dng)샞(yu)Ҋ(jin)mѲpfڄܸ
܇һƬs[Ȼsվ̫(yng)ëm
վQA (tng)s؛h^(gu)(li)(l)Ҳr(sh)̧^߅(li)'ȺIu
emȻsĘ(l)Ȥ
^m(x)ë
עеĻӋ(j)Ҋ(jin)](mi)uţ֮
̫Ű(i)zس˳ԼţмбҕһǸȣȻD(zhun)^(gu)Ęȥh(yun)̎·l(f)F(xin)ʲôʹdȤĖ|
(i)zسF(xin)(du)ţĐ(i)ϧмбҕt_F(xin)(du)(dng)ą̮Ȑ(i)c㌍(sh)
۾Ñǂ(g)
\(chng)ϣe(du)ţ
Z(y)ԣ
DzuJ(rn)ܽ^Iţĵһ(g)I
u!ؾܽ^dȤ
@^ţDzuBl(f)S
!ܽ^T(jin)ֱyԿܡġr(ji)Xr(sh)qԥ
@^DzuġٶȈ(jin)
@^ţ̫һˣK¶ҵСfֻ@ôһ^ţ֛](mi)ͬeһҾ뵽ρ(li)ٿͬ۾ۣɢɢġ@҂͵@(li)҂ǁ(li)ġȻѽ(jng)Ū@҂ֻûȥˡ^(gu)҄ő(yng)ԓvһ (du)ҺܱǸðҊ(jin)ˣxx
ţ(li)еĿľɢģHͬǰеġ˴𰸡@֮Oɱ_(d)(du)ţĴȐ(i)֮ҲM@ĴǾ\(chng)ǸҲ҂еظܵĴ
СY(ji)xn֮ڸЄ(dng)ͬr(sh)҂߀еظСf(shu)ˇg(sh)
1 鹝(ji)O(sh)Ӌ(j)ˑʲôu^Ưţ?ԭί˷Qsֺ֮Ę(gu)˼x鹝(ji)IJw(hu)Сf(shu)еҲܺõرF(xin)˰@һ
2 ڶСƪУͨ^(gu)òB(ti)(dng)Z(y)茑ڂļ(x)(ji)̮ڄژ㌍(sh)Ȑ(i)l(xing)ϋD˰@һԸ͌(du)(dng)ʐ(i)֮IJֻ˸Є(dng)Ҳ˾
̽Сf(shu)}F(xin)(sh)x
1 һĻ˲ĿţL(fng)Y(ji)l(f)˟o(w)(sh)˺ĵi˺(jin)Ρţ(li)ЃHHǞţͬɢ^(gu)҂(du)ţµĽxՈ(qng)Մ?w)?du)Сf(shu)}
ӑՓ_
ţĸ(du)ţϲg(i)o(h)zϧ(dng)еĻ(dng)ɺԼͬ(li)(du)زһNʽҲһNˑB(ti)ǰl(f)ԃ(ni)ĵԸÿƺ(jin)εЄ(dng)ԏc(dng)У˘OҲUƷ}c(dng)Ҳ(hu)擴ĸˑ(yng)(dng)ͬһ(i)o(h)ҕ;Ҳ֮չF(xin)F֮mв֮ܳpf(shu)(du)ԣϵ(yn)ԵĿ(yn)Ό(du)ЩҪzĄ(dng)
2 (j)㌦(du)nĵbxnһԱ_(d)(du)⡣
̎Ԍ(du)W(xu)M(jn)һc(din)xָ(do)
л{(dio)@Ԓǰ\(chng)ҪIţ˽ጲuţԭϣIţĿҪxþf擴\(chng)c(din)ֲ̿F(xin)(du)ţʹʐ(i)ҲF(xin)(du)@NY(ji)ʼϲ\(chng)Ǹ⡣
վwZ(y)䡪@^ţ̫ˡҪxpһЩF(xin)(du)ţ͐(i)zС̫ΡxͻţĿɑz̎
c(din)~Z(y)(g)҂ҪxȻȻذԼ^ţҕͬȵҪxţһwĸX(ju)(li)
̎Ҫ،W(xu)xw(yn)ҲɌW(xu)ԼՄ
3 100ǰs˹ɭյmul(xing)L(fng)鱳וr(sh) (tng)^(gu)ĸNºM(jn)ČW(xu)ӹɶƪ¼ϣĬmĹ¡һ34ƪ@ЩƪСf(shu)֎ϣĬmr(nng)ٝ?ni)ճ˶Ϣ?jin)s@¼ijF(xin)һ߮(dng)r(sh)еğo(w)A~ĕr(sh)鵤ĉݔһ֮ɫĶƪɢl(f)֮Є(dng)һһôF(xin)r(sh)҂˞@λƽ˵ĸFЄ(dng)֮߀xһЩeĖ|?
(do)W(xu)˼У(du)Լܽ^T(jin)ֱyԿܡġr(ji)X(jin)ֲuţ?yn)ţҕͬȵţemȻF(xin)һNoԔ̹ȻB(ti)ں(jin)еõƽĿ옷(l)̈(zh)һwγ`ıɫl(f)˂(du)(du)˼˸
̌W(xu)Y(ji)
ţ@ƪСf(shu)茑Ҫ\(yn)Z(y)茑nr(sh)x˺ܶnl(f)F(xin)Z(y)Ժɫ(jin)̵׃cһ(g)Iţ˺͵ڶεIţˡՄԒжHһԒքeǡDzuġcuġmֻһ֮ɴεБB(ti)ȫһӲܸõĎW(xu)@ɾԒĶõİ?̎v?߀(do)W(xu)?xȡ˺ڽ̌W(xu)У(do)l(f)W(xu)xĦߵȻՈ(qng)(g)W(xu)x(do)W(xu)xxеĻA(ch)نl(f)W(xu)I(lng)а˼飬ǡ(dng)(zhn)_ذȫγɹR(sh)?gu)MW(xu)ֽɫx@ڷ(f)x^(gu)W(xu)R侳M(jn)ɫﮔ(dng)r(sh)wĶ˷Ľ̌W(xu)nxnģҿM(fi)r(sh)gxĹ΄(w)ֵ.oˌW(xu)n£Щ (tng)ԒČW(xu)xxr(sh)ȱҪĬF(xin)(chng)ָ(do)x (tng)ԒČW(xu)̗xxZ(y)ĵnÌW(xu)(x)ͳ˟o(w)Դ֮ˮo(w)֮ľЧ(dng)Ȼƽƽyɱν̌W(xu)ͨ^(gu)x(li)yQ(wn)}ͽQˡеR(sh)Z(y)nԓֻxߌW(xu)x
cţ̰10
̌W(xu)Ŀ(bio)
1(jin)w(hu)Сf(shu)(gu)˼ľ˽ַ
2xǶȽxСf(shu)}
3W(xu)(x)Сf(shu)茑˽ò茑cСf(shu)鹝(ji)}P(gun)ϵ
̌W(xu)c(din)yc(din)
Сf(shu)}ĶǶȽx
̌W(xu)^(gu)
һ(do)n
1ţԵDzD(du)˺ţP(gun)ϵʲô뷨
2ߺ(jin)飺s˹qɭ1873-1950Сf(shu)ҡԊ(sh)1944SԊ(sh)ؽV֪ĺʹđġeĄ(chung)L(fng)Y(ji)(li)@ZؐČW(xu)(jing)xߵġϣĬmĹ¡@¼ijF(xin)һ߮(dng)r(sh)е'o(w)A~ĕr(sh)鵤ĉݔһµ(yng)֮ɫĶƪǡ
zA(y)(x)w֪
1z~rָxc(din)~Z(y)
2Ĭxȫ(zhn)(ni)ʮԒr(sh)gc(din)µ_(ki)l(f)չ߳Y(ji)֣f(shu)
һ죬ϋD˰һ^ţȥ_(ki)ˣ?yn)@^ţ(sh)̫(wn)߲٣BҲ(du)dȤϋD˅sܲۡl(f)չ˂(li)ϋD@¶飺ǁ(li)uţ?yn)^ţ̫ª(d)ρ(li)ͬɢ@ƪСf(shu)߳ǽY(ji)֣
3㌦(du)l(f)Л](mi)ԼIJ룿Щ](mi)뵽@O(sh)Ӌ(j)ʲô̎
R(sh)
ָxСf(shu)ĵ1С(ji)Z(y)ҪҪƽoһЩ澏һЩ
(j)nĵ1С(ji)Մ?w)oӡ
ʾȻsվ̫(yng)ëm@B(ti)(dng)茑֪һ(g)oݵ
ڄv(jng)ɣА(i)oԔ
߽
1S鹝(ji)İl(f)չ҂M(jn)һJ(rn)R(sh)ֽɫx319С(ji)
2ȺЎדҪIţĎדܣ@ד˵ij(chng)ܵһʲô
ēܣO㏱^ه^ͣٸߣ
@ēһܱһy(du)Ǹ(j)鹝(ji)l(f)չO(sh)
3ͨ^(gu)ĻشZ(y)ԡ(dng)顢ȼ(x)(ji)㌦(du)ЩµJ(rn)R(sh)
ʾġ̫Ű(i)zس˳ԼţмбҕһǸȻD(zhun)^(gu)Ęȥh(yun)̎·l(f)F(xin)ʲôʹеdȤĖ|@Є(dng)(x)(ji)Կǂ(g)ʮ֑z(i)ţˡ
Y(ji)όW(xu)شC(j)Ȑ(i)|(zh)
塢ǶȽx}
1ԭе(g)҂ζʲô
2ݿmġв֮ܳpf(shu)(du)ϵ(yn)ԵĿ(yn)Ό(du)ЩҪzĄ(dng)
ţ(dng)ԼƽȵͬHһ⡢P(gun)ţľ硣
Ո(qng)VҞ_(ki)^õĆό(li)
1Ⱥª(d)ʹ܉xª(d)ª(d)ª(d)@ӵǂġ
2yֻ҂?ni)˕?hu)еμįţҲ(hu)܉ф(dng)ﮔ(dng)ˁ(li)Ҳǐ(i)ğo(w)҂(du)(dng)ﲻֻ|(zh)Եһͬr(sh)Ҳ(yng)ԓľԵһ
3ֻ@Ӳ_(d)˺̈́(dng)ĺC˺̈́(dng)ﶼCˣc֮g
СY(ji)I(y)
1Y(ji)(gu)µķO(sh)ҡ
2S(ni)磺ƴ(dng)oP(gun)
3I(y)
Сf(shu)(du)Լuţጺϵӵķ(yng)Ո(qng)m(x)һ(g)Y(ji)β
c̰11
̌W(xu)Ŀ(bio)
1 (jin)£w(hu)Сf(shu)(gu)˼ľ˽ַ
2 xǶȽxСf(shu)}
3 W(xu)(x)Сf(shu)茑˽ò茑cСf(shu)鹝(ji)}P(gun)ϵ
̌W(xu)c(din)yc(din)
Сf(shu)}ĶǶȽx
̌W(xu)^(gu)
һ(do)n
1ţԵDzD̡(du)˺ţP(gun)ϵʲô뷨
2 ߺ(jin)飺s˹qɭ18731950Сf(shu)Ԋ(sh)1944SԊ(sh)ؽV֪ĺʹđġeĄ(chung)L(fng)Y(ji)(li)@ZؐČW(xu)(jing)xߵġϣĬmĹ¡@¼ijF(xin)һ߮(dng)r(sh)еğo(w)A~ĕr(sh)У鵤ĉݔһµ(yng)֮ ɫĶƪǡţ
zA(y)(x)w֪
1z~rָxc(din)~Z(y)
t ľ ݹ
(li) s (dng) c Ҳ
覴 ּc O㏱^ PQ
2Ĭxȫ鹝(ji)r(sh)gc(din)µ_(ki)ˡl(f)չ߳Y(ji)֣
һϋD˰һ^ţȥ_(ki)ˣ?yn)@^ţ(sh)̫(wn)߲٣BҲ(du)dȤϋD˅sܲl(f)չ˂(li)ϋD@¶飺ǁ(li)uţ?yn)^ţ̫ª(d)ρ(li)ͬɢ߳@ƪСf(shu)߳ǽY(ji)֣
3㌦(du)l(f)Л](mi)ԼIJ룿Щ](mi)뵽@O(sh)Ӌ(j)ʲô̎أ
ıx
һR(sh)
xСf(shu)ĵ1С(ji)
(j)nĵ1С(ji)Մ?w)oӡ
ò茑ϴϵf·ǺܸɃ
_ڄڡv(jng)ɣoԔؚF^(gu)(yn)
߽
1S鹝(ji)İl(f)չ҂M(jn)һJ(rn)R(sh)ֽɫx319С(ji)
2ȺЎדҪIţĎדܣ@ד˵ij(chng)ܵһʲô
ēܣO㏱^ه^ͣٸߣ
@ēһܱһy(du)Ǹ(j)鹝(ji)l(f)չO(sh)
3ͨ^(gu) Z(y)ԡ(dng)ȼ(x)(ji)㌦(du)ЩµJ(rn)R(sh)
ʾ
1(dng)茑̫Ű(i)zس˳ԼţмбҕһǸȻD(zhun)^(gu)Ęȥh(yun)̎·l(f)F(xin)ʲôʹеdȤĖ|(du)ţđzϧ
2B(ti)茑@(g)r(sh)ɴ۾Ñǂ(g)ˡ㌍(sh)ʐ(i)
3Z(y)茑@^ţ̫ˡҵСfֻ@ôһ^ţ
ɺԼͬ
4茑Ҫͬf(shu)ώԒ܉Ě`ԒǾͲͬeһ(hu)
_Ȑ(i)|(zh)
ǶȽx}
1ԭе(g)҂ζʲô
2ݿmġв֮ܳpf(shu)(du)ϵ(yn)ԵĿ(yn)Ό(du)ЩҪzĄ(dng)
ţ(dng)ԼƽȵͬHһP(gun)ţľ
Ո(qng)VҞ_(ki)^õĆό(li)
1Ⱥª(d)ʹ܉xª(d)ª(d)ª(d)@ӵǂġ
2yֻ҂?ni)˕?hu)еμįţҲ(hu)ġ܉ф(dng)ﮔ(dng)ˁ(li)Ҳǐ(i)ğo(w)҂(du)(dng)ﲻֻ|(zh)Եһ棬ͬr(sh)Ҳ(yng)ԓľԵһ
3ֻ@Ӳ_(d)˺̈́(dng)ĺC˺̈́(dng)ﶼCˣc֮g
cţ̰12
̌W(xu)Ŀ(bio)
1.ͨ^(gu)xƷ˽˹P(gun)ф(dng)ҕǶw(hu)Сf(shu)}
2.(f)w(hu)Сf(shu)(gu)˼ľ˽ַá
3.W(xu)(x)Сf(shu)茑˽ò茑cСf(shu)鹝(ji)}P(gun)ϵ
̌W(xu)c(din)yc(din)
1.Сf(shu)}ĶǶȷ
2.Сf(shu)Ҫأh(hun)鹝(ji)İա
̌W(xu)^(gu)
һ(do)nJ(rn)R(sh)
1. ҂һ(li)(g)Α5顰5顰ţ̡(wn)ţʲôѽpɚգ
҂W(xu)(x)@ƪnĺţP(gun)ǵСf(shu)ҡԊ(sh)˼s˹qɭһƪСf(shu)
2.҂һ(li)J(rn)R(sh)һСf(shu)ߡՈ(qng)һλͬW(xu)(li)xһ߽B
@ƪnxԡϣĬmĹ¡ߣs˹ɭСf(shu)Ԋ(sh)ˡ1944@ZؐČW(xu)(jing)СL(zhng);xߵġϣĬmĹ¡,@¼ijF(xin)һ߮(dng)r(sh)еğo(w)A~ĕr(sh)鵤ĉݔһµ(yng)֮
3.P(gun)Сf(shu)Ҫ茑ķ
zA(y)(x)x(zhn)
z~rl(shu)xĜ(zhn)_(g)e(qing){(dio)
xnw֪
Ո(qng)ͬW(xu)(jin)Ҫ(ni)עf(shu)r(sh)gc(din)µ_(ki)ˡl(f)չ߳Y(ji)֣ஔ(dng)ӛĵ(jng)^(gu)Y(ji)˼ڡSþ(x)ό
һϋD˰һ^ţȥ?yn)@^ţ(sh)̫(wn)߲BҲ(du)dȤϋD˅sܲ˂(li)ϋD@¶飺ǁ(li)uţ?yn)^ţ̫ª(d)ρ(li)ͬɢ
r(sh)gһеc(din)ϣP(gun)I_(ki)ˣϋD˰һ^ţȥl(f)չ?yn)@^ţ(sh)̫(wn)߲٣BҲ(du)dȤϋD˅sۣܲ߳ϋD@¶飺ǁ(li)uţ?yn)^ţ̫ª(d)ρ(li)ͬɢģ@ƪСf(shu)ĸ߳ǽY(ji)֡
б(li)Iuĵطţ(li)У挦(du)ܶ(wn)߅s(jin)Quţ(li)ǂ(g)e̫̫֪˹¹҂һ߽Сf(shu)˹ǂ(g)ӵ
R(sh)
Ո(qng)һλͬW(xu)xһС(ji)Z(y)ҪҪƽoһЩ澏һЩՈ(qng)ͬW(xu)(j)nĵ1С(ji)Մ?w)oӡ
ʾġ@茑ҿһ(g)
ġȻsվ̫(yng)ëmŶo(w)eúܡ@B(ti)(dng)茑֪һ(g)oݵoԔֹˮ
֣ϴʽϵf·ǺܸɃһlȾ{(ln)ȹ߀l(xing)Ⱦеǹζ@һò茑˰ǂ(g)صˡ߀ܿ(ԣʳ^(gu)(yn))ǂ(g)v(jng)ɣǂ(g)А(i)ĵˡ
o(j)~(jng)ɣԣʮփ(x)(ji)һλڄڶ(yn)
֣^ª(d)ţĵվһ߅
(lin)ϵͿĵվһ߅Ųdzڡ̫tӡǡҪ˵ע⡱ֻDz_eT@һe(dng)U
֣ݹpëwȻ
ɻr(sh)(dng)c(yu)Ҋ(jin)mѲpfڄܸɡ
֣܇һƬs[RR˻QϝOж؛ߺRˣСГuظС@ǭh(hun)茑@N[rġo
塢߽
˼
1.@һλJ(rn)֕(hu)̫̫ţB(yng)úòԿ(li)
2С(ji)Ќ(du)ţ茑 319С(ji)кܶ˶(li)(wn)ţăr(ji)Xr(ji)XҪIţ
2.ôʲô߀Lj(jin)Quţأo҂
һС(ji)xԒ@־ʾ}
3.҂֪Ǫ(d)ԁ(li)е(g)҂ゃf(shu)f(shu)@Ǟʲô
ѽ(jng)Լ^ţҕͬȵţѡHˡP(gun)עţ|(zh)ҲP(gun)עţľ
uţĵǼϺܶI@^Y(ji)(sh)ѡţҲܷϳ҂һ(li)x319С(ji)˼
1.ȺЎדҪIţĎדܣ@ד˵ij(chng)ܵһʲô
ēքeO㏱^ˡѪEgهˡ(li)^(gu)һֳr(ji)X
@ēһܱһy(du)Ǹ(j)鹝(ji)l(f)չO(sh)
2.ͨ^(gu)ĻشZ(y)(dng)ȼ(x)(ji)㌦(du)ЩµJ(rn)R(sh)
һεڶεεĴΣ(du)ţʮ(i)z(du)˷dz
СMÿMxһf(shu)f(shu)(du)@(g)ЩµJ(rn)R(sh)
ʾġ̫Ű(i)zس˳ԼţмбҕһǸȻD(zhun)^(gu)Ęȥh(yun)̎·l(f)F(xin)ʲôʹеdȤĖ|@Є(dng)(x)(ji)Կǂ(g)ʮ֑z(i)ţ
֣̫Ű(i)zس˳ԼţмбҕһǸȻD(zhun)^(gu)Ęȥh(yun)̎·l(f)F(xin)ʲôʹеdȤĖ|
(i)zسF(xin)(du)ţĐ(i)ϧмбҕt_F(xin)(du)(dng)ą̮Ȑ(i)c㌍(sh)
֣(jin)Ƶؾܽ^T(jin)ֱyԿܡġr(ji)Xr(sh)qԥ@^DzuġٶȈ(jin)֡@^ţ̫K¶ٿͬ۾ɢɢġ(du)ҺܱǸxx
ţ(li)еĿľɢHһԼͬˣǰеġ˴@֮Oɱ_(d)(du)ţĴȐ(i)֮ҲM@ĴǾ\(chng)ǸҲ҂еظܵĴ
u(png)r(ji)Ƕȷ}
1.(dng)҂R(sh)M(jn)F(xin)ځ(li)һԒu(png)r(ji)һ°
ڃ㡢(i)А(i)ģţ(dng)Լƽȵ`ͬHһأP(gun)ţľ˘O£չF(xin)F֮
2.İţϣ҂xc(din)ʲôJ(rn)@ƪСf(shu)Vxʲô
҂xһN(du)đB(ti)һNc̹ȻB(ti)ȡȺª(d)ʹ܉xª(d)ª(d)ª(d)@ӵǂġyֻ҂?ni)˕?hu)еμįţҲ(hu)ġ܉ф(dng)ﮔ(dng)ˁ(li)Ҳǐ(i)ğo(w)҂(du)(dng)ﲻֻ|(zh)Եһ棬ͬr(sh)Ҳ(yng)ԓľԵһֻ@Ӳ_(d)˺̈́(dng)ĺC˺̈́(dng)ﶼCc֮g
V˂c(dng)Ҳ(hu)擴ĸˑ(yng)(dng)ͬһ(dng)(i)o(h)ҕ(du)ڄ(dng)ﲻH(yng)|(zh)ϵP(gun)ѣ߀(yng)оđz
3.ߞʲôŰЩጲţԭأMìO(sh)Ñ(gu)˼
4.HČW(xu),x(yu)ČW(xu)Ʒ,һ(g)L(zhng)֪R(sh)B(yng)SеĘOҪ;
ܽY(ji)ϡՄ?w)@Щի@
ͬW(xu)҂M(jn)ČW(xu)ĴTȥþġζȡÁ(li)a(b)`ĠI(yng)B(yng)S̝(rn)
СY(ji)n@ƪСf(shu)dzҲdz(dng)
(ji)n҂֪Сf(shu)鹝(ji)_(ki)l(f)չ߳Y(ji)Ă(g)֣n鹝(ji)OБֱY(ji)β˻ȻO(sh)Ñl(f)xdȤ҂߀֪Сf(shu)F(xin)Ըķǿ̮(x)(ji)Z(y)(dng)顢ȼ(x)(ji)҂߀(du)(dng)ﲻֻo|(zh)ϵĽoҲ(yng)ԓoϵP(gun)ѡ
o҂ܶĆ҂߅s(jng)l(f)һЩ҂@
ݿmһԒ҂(du)ϵ(yn)ԵĿ(yn)Ό(du)ЩҪzĄ(dng)
ǰҿ^(gu)һ(c)һλtippiķ(gu)СŮҰ(dng)ѵƬÿ(g)涼(dng)ҵ`Ҹܵʲô˺̈́(dng)CxеĎʹһ
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